Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors

Arvidsson, Tommy; Bergström, Lars; Kreuger, Jenny

doi:10.1002/ps.2114

Cited by 123 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is in agreement with other studies that showed that the measurements of the fall-out drift can, in some cases, differ by as much as a factor of 10 for the same nozzle size and working pressure both for air blast sprayers (Zande et al, 2012) and for boom (Arvidsson et al, 2011). This difference could be attributed to weather conditions, spray application technology, and different measurement procedures (Nuyttens et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Several studies have evaluated and quantified the effect of the different variables that strongly influenced spray drift; these factors may be categorised as follows: equipment and application techniques, spray characteristics, operator care and skill (Arvidsson et al, 2011), and environmental and meteorological conditions. Nevertheless, classifying spray techniques is challenging because these vary greatly due to the influence of environmental conditions and crop growth and leaf canopy status of different bush and tree crop types (Ozkan & Zhu, 1998;Zande et al, 2000Zande et al, , 2010Balsari et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes and tests an alternative methodology for quantifying the drift potential (DP) of air blast sprayers, trying to avoid the difficulties faced in conducting field trials according to the standard protocol (ISO 22866:2005). For this purpose, an ad hoc test bench designed for DP comparative measurements was used. The proposed methodology was evaluated in terms of robustness, repetitiveness and coherence by arranging a series of trials at two laboratories. Representative orchard and vineyard air blast sprayers in eight configurations (combination of two forward speeds, two air fan flow rates, and two nozzle types) were tested. The test bench was placed perpendicular to the spray track to collect the fraction of spray liquid remaining in the air after the spray process and potentially susceptible to drift out of the treated area. Downwind spray deposition curves were obtained and a new approach was proposed to calculate an index value of the DP estimation that could allow the differences among the tested configurations to be described. Results indicated that forward speed of 1.67 m/s allows better discrimination among configurations tested. Highest DP reduction, over 87.5%, was achieved using the TVI nozzles in combination with low air fan flow rate in both laboratories; conversely, the highest DP value was obtained with the ATR nozzles in combination with high air fan flow rate. Although the proposed method shows a promising potential to evaluate drift potential of different sprayer types and nozzles types used for bush and tree crops further research and tests are necessary to improve and validate this method.Additional key words: spray drift test bench; sprayer settings; nozzles; fan air flow rate; vineyard and orchard sprayers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Grella

Gil

Balsari

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…More often practically used is especially VMD average, which is a critical indicator of the biological efficiency of a treatment. Because VMD makes provision for the dimension of droplets, it characterizes more precisely the quality and suitability of a droplet spectrum for each applied liquid.To sum up, we can say that VMD correlates positively with the size of a nozzle, while it correlates negatively with the discharge angle (ARVIDSSON 1997). KOVAŘÍČEK (1997) agrees with this predication and suggests three general principles of the relation between the size of droplets and nozzles: 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…To sum up, we can say that VMD correlates positively with the size of a nozzle, while it correlates negatively with the discharge angle (ARVIDSSON 1997). KOVAŘÍČEK (1997) agrees with this predication and suggests three general principles of the relation between the size of droplets and nozzles: 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

The possibilities of droplet spectrum regulation at application of plant protection products

Harašta¹

2005

Res. Agric. Eng.

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Verification of the possibilities of a droplet spectrum regulation due to the change of working pressure, as well as the change of the size of the discharge orifice of a nozzle, was undertaken in laboratory conditions by measurement of the size of a droplet spectrum of the applied liquid. Selected types of low drift nozzles -Albuz AVI 025, Lechler ID 120, Lechler IDK 120-05, Lechler IDN 120-025, TurboDrop 03, Hardi INJET 02, Hardi B JET 02, Hardi LD 02 and a flat fan nozzle Hardi ISO F 02-110 -underwent the measurement. The measurement of droplet spectrum was carried out at the nozzle's working height of 500 mm, and at working pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 MPa. A laser measure equipment was used to measure the droplet spectrum of liquid.Keywords: low-drift nozzle; droplet spectrum; working pressure 126 RES. AGR. ENG., 51, 2005 (4): 125-133 so-called "weighted average", from the statistic point of view) and VMD -(Volume Median Diameter). More often practically used is especially VMD average, which is a critical indicator of the biological efficiency of a treatment. Because VMD makes provision for the dimension of droplets, it characterizes more precisely the quality and suitability of a droplet spectrum for each applied liquid.To sum up, we can say that VMD correlates positively with the size of a nozzle, while it correlates negatively with the discharge angle (ARVIDSSON 1997). KOVAŘÍČEK (1997) agrees with this predication and suggests three general principles of the relation between the size of droplets and nozzles: 1. Nozzles with a wider angle of dispersion form smaller droplets. 2. Nozzles with a greater flowage form larger droplets. 3. The higher the pressure is, the smaller the droplets are.Most common type of nozzles used for application with a surface sprayer is a flat fan nozzle. It works at the pressure from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa. Liquid is brought directly to the flat fan discharge orifice, which is shaped to create a flat discharge pattern. The size of the discharge angle affects not only the shape of the orifice but also the pressure of the liquid. It varies from 65° to 120°. An advantage of this type of nozzles is their simplicity and their ability of creating rather even dispersion of liquid at a relatively low pressure (LEFEBVRE 1993).At the hydraulic nozzles the diagram of droplets changes at inverse proportionality with the changes of working pressure of applied liquid, as at RYBKA (2001). The proof of this relation, especially at low drift hydraulic nozzles, is a part of this thesis.The main value determining the size of a droplet spectrum is the fractile D 0.5 that is named the median of the distribution function. It is indicated as VMD (Volume Median Diameter). It is a volume median diameter of droplets in the spectrum, to which it applies that the volume of all the droplets with a smaller diameter is equal to the volume of the droplets with a larger diameter. Other considerable parameters are border volume diameters D 0.1 and D 0.9. These show that 10% of the entire volume of dr...

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“…In brief, these variations whilst performing were low. Notwithstanding, this information is important since, among all factors interfering with pesticide drifting, environmental and weather conditions (temperature, air humidity and wind speed) are the most impacting (ARVIDSSON, 2011;HILZ & VERMEER, 2013;GIL et al, 2014). Figure 1 displays a graphic of drift index up to 320 m far from target area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Drift and Pest Control From Aerial Applications on Soybeans

Cunha

Barizon²,

Ferracini³

et al. 2017

Eng. Agríc.

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ABSTRACT:Pesticide drift is an issue in modern farming, mainly for crops under constant spraying as soybeans. This study aimed at assessing drift and pest control for aerial applications in soybean crops. Hydraulic nozzles and rotary atomizers, regulated to a wide spectrum of droplet sizes, sprayed thiamethoxam plus lambda-cyhalothrin using an agricultural aircraft Ipanema 202A at volume rate of 20 L ha -1 . Treatments consisted of testing two devices: a rotary cage atomizer (Micronair AU 5000) with blade angles of 65° for larger droplets, and with angle of 55° for smaller ones; and a set of adjustable nozzles (Stol model) with deflector angle of 90° for smaller droplets, and with angle of 30° for larger ones. Drift was evaluated through quantification of active ingredient, by means of liquid chromatography, on nylon strings set 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 m downwind from the applied area. Control efficiency was measured by counting caterpillars and stinkbugs found five days after spray. Rotary atomizers produced lesser drift compared to adjustable nozzles at the designed setting. Furthermore, drift can be reduced through a suitable regulation of the devices, keeping an effective pest control.

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Spray drift as influenced by meteorological and technical factors

Cited by 123 publications

References 7 publications

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers

The possibilities of droplet spectrum regulation at application of plant protection products

Spray Drift and Pest Control From Aerial Applications on Soybeans

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