Spray mechanism in paper spray ionization

Espy, Ryan D.; Muliadi, Ariel R.; Ouyang, Zheng; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2012.06.017

Cited by 154 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As a function of time, both the instantaneous analyte concentration in the spray solvent and the ionization efficiency may change. Moreover, there can also be changes in the physical parameters of the electrospray, including changes in droplet size distribution and flow rate [38]. These changes are thought to occur because of solvent depletion when the spray solvent is not replenished during analysis.…”

Section: Ion Suppression and Recovery Versus Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Vega

Spence

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Paper spray mass spectrometry is a method for the direct analysis of biofluid samples in which extraction of analytes from dried biofluid spots and electrospray ionization occur from the paper on which the dried sample is stored. We examined matrix effects in the analysis of small molecule drugs from urine, plasma, and whole blood. The general method was to spike stable isotope labeled analogs of each analyte into the spray solvent, while the analyte itself was in the dried biofluid. Intensity of the labeled analog is proportional to ionization efficiency, whereas the ratio of the analyte intensity to the labeled analog in the spray solvent is proportional to recovery. Ion suppression and recovery were found to be compound-and matrix-dependent. Highest levels of ion suppression were obtained for poor ionizers (e.g., analytes lacking basic aliphatic amine groups) in urine and approached -90%. Ion suppression was much lower or even absent for good ionizers (analytes with aliphatic amines) in dried blood spots. Recovery was generally highest in urine and lowest in blood. We also examined the effect of two experimental parameters on ion suppression and recovery: the spray solvent and the sample position (how far away from the paper tip the dried sample was spotted). Finally, the change in ion suppression and analyte elution as a function of time was examined by carrying out a paper spray analysis of dried plasma spots for 5 min by continually replenishing the spray solvent.

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Section: Ion Suppression and Recovery Versus Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Vega

Spence

Zhang

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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show abstract

“…Ambient ionization [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] is a relatively recent approach to MS analysis which avoids chromatography and is characterized by the absence of any requirement for sample preparation. Paper spray ionization [15][16][17][18][19][20] is a particularly simple ambient ionization technique which can be employed to study reactions and identify intermediates as well as to measure trace constituents of complex mixtures. Like other spray ionization methods, paper spray is least successful for non-polar or weakly polar compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic aldehyde determination by reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

Bag

Hendricks

Reynolds

et al. 2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Ionization of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes is improved by performing simultaneous chemical derivatization using 4-aminophenol to produce charged iminium ions during paper spray ionization.Accelerated reactions occur in the microdroplets generated during the paper spray ionization event for the tested aldehydes (formaldehyde, n-pentanaldehyde, n-nonanaldehyde, n-decanaldehyde, ndodecanaldehyde, benzaldehyde, m-anisaldehyde, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde). Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the iminium ions using collision-induced dissociation demonstrated that straight chain aldehydes give a characteristic fragment at m/z 122 (shown to correspond to protonated 4-(methyleneamino)phenol), while the arylaldehydeiminium ions fragment to give a characteristic product ion at m/z 120. These features allow straightforward identification of linear and aromatic aldehydes. Quantitative analysis of n-nonaldehyde using a benchtop mass spectrometer demonstrated a linear response over 3 orders of magnitude from 2.5 ng -5 µg of aldehyde loaded on the filter paper emitter. The limit of detection was determined to be 2.2 ng for this aldehyde. The method had a precision of 22%, relative standard deviation. The experiment was also implemented using a portable ion trap mass spectrometer.3

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“…An investigation of the impacts to PSI-MS performance by the substrates, solvents and elution methods were reported by Ren et al 72) A higher voltage (±3.5 kV) is usually applied to PSI-MS. Espy et al have particularly focused on the voltage applied for spraying and the correct positioning of the paper tip in front of the inlet of the MS spectrometer. 78) In addition, the angle of the paper tip also plays a key role in the generation of the spray. In their results showed that paper spray operates in two distinct spray modes.…”

Section: Paper Spray Ionization (Psi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e cone-jet diameters were approximately 1-10 µm in diameter, and smaller but out-of-focus jets are also produced. 78,79) e electrospray droplet size is dependent on not only applied voltage, but also the solvent composition and the ow rate.…”

Section: Paper Spray Ionization (Psi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Application of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Hsieh

Hsu

2017

Mass Spectrometry

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Ambient ionization allows mass spectrometry analysis directly on the sample surface under atmospheric pressure with almost zero sample pretreatment. Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) in 2004, many other ambient ionization techniques were developed. Due to their simplicity and low operation cost, rapid and on-site clinical mass spectrometry analysis becomes real. In this review, we will highlight some of the most widely used ambient ionization mass spectrometry approaches and their applications in clinical study.

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Spray mechanism in paper spray ionization

Cited by 154 publications

References 32 publications

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Ionization Suppression and Recovery in Direct Biofluid Analysis Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry

Biogenic aldehyde determination by reactive paper spray ionization mass spectrometry

Clinical Application of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

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