“…the series-and parallel-SQUID arrays [4], [5], the superconducting quantum interference grating [6], and the superconducting quantum interference filter (SQIF), [7], are limited by the spread in critical current . Even with the optimized fabrication processes, the significant variation in remains [8], [9]. The origin of the large spread seems intrinsic to the highsuperconductors, of which the coherence length is extremely short, and the high-density defects always exist along the grain boundaries [10], [11].…”