Spread of raspberry bushy dwarf virus by pollination, its association with crumbly fruit, and problems of control

Murant, A. F.; Chambers, J.; Jones, A. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1974.tb01403.x

Cited by 73 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In Scotland the virus is spread rapidly by infected pollen (Murant et al 1974) and it is likely that a similar mode of transmission occurs in New Zealand. Additional spread will have occurred through the use of infected propagation material for new plantings.…”

Section: Spread Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, although isolated from bushy dwarf plants, is now known not to be the cause of these symptoms (Barnett & Murant 1970). Murant et al (1974) reported that the virus did not appear to cause obvious leaf symptoms, but could be responsible for a crumbly berry condition of the fruit. The same virus has been reported to be widespread in raspberries in the United States (Converse 1973) and Canada (Murant 1976).…”

Section: Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two berry fruit virus diseases newly recorded in New Zealand

Fry

Wood

1978

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Section: Spread Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two berry fruit virus diseases newly recorded in New Zealand

Fry

Wood

1978

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…In addition, the rate of germination of seeds developing from virus-infected embryos-arising from virus-infected mother plants or from pollen infections-can often be reduced when compared with healthy seeds (Yang and Hamilton, 1974;Amari et al, 2007a,b). For perennial plants, however, virus spread by pollen plays a significant role in the ecology of the viruses, so that a large proportion of plants may become infected over time (Murant et al, 1974;Bristow and Martin, 1999).…”

Section: Background Information On Pollen Transmission Of Plant Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the studies aiming to confirm pollen transmission involve either the caging of naturally infected plants to avoid contamination by pollen from external sources (Murant et al, 1974) or hand pollination using infected pollen (Mircetich et al, 1982). But such delicate and complex experiments are rarely performed.…”

Section: Background Information On Pollen Transmission Of Plant Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific opinion on the risks posed by Prunus pollen, as well as pollen from seven additional plant genera, for the introduction of viruses and virus‐like organisms into the EU

Baker¹,

Bragard²,

Candresse³

et al. 2013

EFS2

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The Panel on Plant Health assessed the risk of introduction of listed viruses and virus‐like agents through the import of pollen for pollination of eight plant genera. Because of the absence of an identified pollen trade for Fragaria, Rubus, Ribes, Vitis and Cydonia, the risk of introduction of viruses listed in Directive 2000/29/EC was assessed to be negligible, with low uncertainty. For Prunus, Malus and Pyrus, trade was identified and the risk evaluated in detail. For 12 viruses and one viroid the probability of entry was rated unlikely to moderately likely and the probability of establishment very unlikely to unlikely. In the case of the two remaining agents, Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) and Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd), the probability of entry was rated as very unlikely with a moderately likely to likely (ALSV) or very unlikely to unlikely (AFCVd) probability of establishment. Therefore, for all agents, significant limitations to their introduction were identified. Almost all ratings are, however, associated with high uncertainty because of the absence of information on many important aspects. As a consequence, the risk of introduction of listed viruses and viroids by pollen for pollination of the genera Prunus, Malus and Pyrus is considered negligible to low, with high uncertainty. The current legislation provides a substantial level of risk reduction but risks could be further reduced by addressing specifically pollen in Annexes III and IV. The two risk reduction options identified with high or very high effectiveness and feasibility to further reduce the risk of introduction are the extension to all non‐EU countries of the existing prohibition on Prunus, Malus and Pyrus pollen imports and a request for the individual testing of all imported pollen shipments. The uncertainty on the effectiveness and feasibility of these measures was assessed as low and low to medium, respectively.

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“…Virus particles, which are isometric in shape with a diameter of about 33 nm, contain two genomic RNAs as well as a third, subgenomic RNA (RNA3) of 946 nt that is not replicated but is the template for CP expression. RBDV is transmitted in the field by infected pollen and apparently without the intervention of any specific vector, although pollinating insects may be involved in the process (Murant et al, 1974). Once established in the crop, spread of the virus between plants can be very rapid and will threaten the entire plantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome activation by raspberry bushy dwarf virus coat protein

MacFarlane¹,

McGavin²

2009

Journal of General Virology

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Two sets of infectious cDNA clones of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) have been constructed, enabling either the synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts or the delivery of infectious binary plasmid DNA by infiltration of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In whole plants and in protoplasts, inoculation of RBDV RNA1 and RNA2 transcripts led to a low level of infection, which was greatly increased by the addition of RNA3, a subgenomic RNA coding for the RBDV coat protein (CP). Agroinfiltration of RNA1 and RNA2 constructs did not produce a detectable infection but, again, inclusion of a construct encoding the CP led to high levels of infection. Thus, RBDV replication is greatly stimulated by the presence of the CP, a mechanism that also operates with ilarviruses and alfalfa mosaic virus, where it is referred to as genome activation. Mutation to remove amino acids from the N terminus of the CP showed that the first 15 RBDV CP residues are not required for genome activation. Other experiments, in which overlapping regions at the CP N terminus were fused to the monomeric red fluorescent protein, showed that sequences downstream of the first 48 aa are not absolutely required for genome activation.

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Spread of raspberry bushy dwarf virus by pollination, its association with crumbly fruit, and problems of control

Abstract: S U M M A R YRaspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) was transmitted to raspberry seed both through the pollen and through the ovule and it infected plants pollinated with infected pollen. It did not infect plants prevented from

Cited by 73 publications

References 7 publications

Two berry fruit virus diseases newly recorded in New Zealand

Two berry fruit virus diseases newly recorded in New Zealand

Scientific opinion on the risks posed by Prunus pollen, as well as pollen from seven additional plant genera, for the introduction of viruses and virus‐like organisms into the EU

Genome activation by raspberry bushy dwarf virus coat protein

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