Spread of virus during soccer matches

Knudsen, Nikolas Sten; Thomasen, Manuel Mounir Demetry; Andersen, Thomas Bull

doi:10.1101/2020.04.26.20080614

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The calculations were performed with one infected player in each game and repeated until all participants had acted as the infected player, as previously described. 25 Moreover, number of contacts was evaluated as the number of times a player entered in DZ, and the time of each entry was noted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Danger zone assessment in small-sided recreational football: providing data for consideration in relation to COVID-19 transmission

Randers

Knudsen

Thomasen

et al. 2021

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, physical inactivity has increased, and a wide range of sporting activities locked down, with possible long-term implications for public health. Football is the most popular sport worldwide, and recreational football training leads to broad-spectrum health effects. Football is, however, deemed a contact sport with frequent close contact important to consider during COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesThis study investigated time spent with close contact (danger zone (DZ) within 1.5 m), number of contacts and time per contact, and compared game formats in recreational small-sided football games for young and adult male football players.MethodsMovement analyses were performed on 10 Hz Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected during various small-sided football games prior to the COVID-19 outbreak.ResultsTime spent in the DZ was 4.3–7.9 s/h per per cent infected players, corresponding to 34.3–114.8 s/h if one player was infected. Number of contacts with one infected player was 23.5–87.7 per hour, with an average contact time of 1.1–1.4 s, and a total number of contacts of 311–691 per hour with all players. 53%–65% of all contacts were shorter than 1 s and 77%–85% shorter than 2 s. Trivial to small effects were found for number of participants and area per player, whereas standard of play and playing with/without boards had no effect.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that during small-sided football limited time is spent within DZ and that player contacts are brief. Recreational football may therefore more appropriately be deemed as sporting activity with brief, sporadic contact.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Danger zone assessment in small-sided recreational football: providing data for consideration in relation to COVID-19 transmission

Randers

Knudsen

Thomasen

et al. 2021

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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“…63 At best this aRCT would be a part of an ongoing integrated intervention for infection control that also includes hospital-based surveillance of MDR bacteria and antimicrobial stewardship programmes. 64 The aRCT is expected to enroll complex patients potentially in need of multiple simultaneous empiric therapies. 65 Thus, the experimental compound will need to be administered on top of all other therapies and may include a combination of several antimicrobials.…”

Section: Ceftazidime/avibactam: An Overview Of Current Knowledge Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-inferiority versus superiority trial design for new antibiotics in an era of high antimicrobial resistance: the case for post-marketing, adaptive randomised controlled trials

Lanini

Ioannidis

Vairo

et al. 2019

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important threats to global health security. A range of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates are now resistant to virtually all available antibiotics. In this context of urgency to develop novel drugs, new antibiotics for multi drug resistant (MDR) GNB (namely, ceftazidime-avibactam, plazomicin and meropenem-varbobactam) have been approved by regulatory authorities on grounds of non-inferiority trials which provided no direct evidence of their efficacy against MDR such as Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia and Acinetobacter baumannii. The use of noninferiority and superiority trials and selection of appropriate and optimal study designs remains a major challenge in the development, registration, and post-marketing implementation of new antibiotics. Using as an example, the development process of ceftazidime-avibactam, we propose a strategy for a new research framework based on adaptive randomized clinical trials (aRCTs). The operational research strategy has the aim of assessing the efficacy of new antibiotics in special groups of patients, such as those infected with MDR bacteria, who were not included in earlier phase studies, and for whom it is important to establish an appropriate standard of care. 82. Highlights of prescribing information Vabomere™ (meropenem and vaborbactam) Food and Drug

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“…In team sports, personal contact between players is inevitable and a "safe distance" can obviously not be respected. Football players remain at a distance of >1.5 m of another player for the vast majority of the game (8) and encounters are brief (tackling and heading duels). Still, the heavy, unprotected breathing during exercise generates more droplets than normal respiration, increasing the risk of exposure (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: A prospective cohort study

Schumacher

Tabben

Hassoun

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ObjectivesThe risk of viral transmission associated with contact sports such as Football during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the development of infective and immune status of professional football players, team staff and league officials over a truncated football season resumed at the height of the Covid-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates and to investigate the clinical symptoms related to Covid-19 infection in professional football players.MethodsProspective cohort study of 1337 football players, staff and officials during a truncated football season (9 weeks) with a tailored infection control program based on preventive measures and regular SarS-CoV-2 PCR swab testing (every 3-5 days) combined with serology testing for immunity (every 4 weeks). Clinical symptoms in positive participants were recorded using a 26-item, Likert-scale-based scoring system.ResultsDuring the study period, 85 subjects returned positive (cycle threshold (cT)<30) or reactive (30<cT<40) PCR tests, of which 36 were players. The infection rate was in line with that of the general population at the time. More than half of the infected were asymptomatic, the remaining had only mild symptoms, no one required hospitalization. Symptom severity was associated to lower cT values. Social contacts and family were the most common sources of infection, no infection could be traced to training or matches.ConclusionSports played outdoors involving close contact between athletes represent a limited risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness when preventive measures are in place.

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Spread of virus during soccer matches

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Danger zone assessment in small-sided recreational football: providing data for consideration in relation to COVID-19 transmission

Danger zone assessment in small-sided recreational football: providing data for consideration in relation to COVID-19 transmission

Non-inferiority versus superiority trial design for new antibiotics in an era of high antimicrobial resistance: the case for post-marketing, adaptive randomised controlled trials

Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: A prospective cohort study

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