Spurenbestimmung von Schwermetallionen durch Anreicherung in der Adsorptionsschicht der Hg-Elektrode

Sohr, H.; Liebetrau, L.

doi:10.1007/bf00510992

Cited by 28 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…10 À8 M at the HMDE. The accumulation of metal ions by means of adsorbed organics was first assayed by Sohr and Liebetrau [138]. Uranyl and zirconyl ions were preconcentrated at the HMDE in the presence of phosphorous-organic compounds, where the complex formation occurred in the adsorption layer.…”

Section: Polarography [88 -112]mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Electroanalytical Methods

Lubert

Kalcher

2010

Electroanalysis

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There are many historical reviews on electrochemistry as well as on analytical chemistry, where-as hardly any survey of the history of electroanalytical methods exists. This contribution is an approach to provide a short overview on the development of the electroanalytical methods, electrodes and electrochemical sensors. Electrogravimetry belongs to the oldest quantitative procedures introduced 1864 by Wolcott Gibbs. Roots are even older and are represented by "voltameters". Closely related to electrogravimetry is coulometry, which is also based on Faradays laws; early applications comprise determinations of atomic masses and of thin metal layers. Conductivity measurements are also a rather old analytical method, applied (with direct current) in the 18 th century already. The effective procedure was developed in the 1860s after the use of alternating current by Friedrich Kohlrausch. The Nernst equation (1889) was the base for direct potentiometry, e.g., determination of sparingly soluble electrolytes. Max Cremer is the inventor of the glass electrode (1906), which is the first electrochemical sensor. Potentiometric indication of titrations by Robert Behrend (1883) was the first instrumental indication in volumetric analysis. The invention of polarography by Jaroslav Heyrovský (1922) is the starting point of the electroanalysis with the dropping mercury electrode. The polarograph, developed in cooperation with Masuro Shikata, was the first automated analytical device. As a follow-up various methods (e.g., pulse and alternating current methods) as well as voltammetry including stripping analysis have gained importance. Further development of electroanalysis is characterized by new electrodes and electrode materials, e.g., stationary mercury electrodes, carbon-paste electrodes, chemically modified electrodes, and increased application of electrochemical sensors.

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Section: Polarography [88 -112]mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of Electroanalytical Methods

Lubert

Kalcher

2010

Electroanalysis

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“…Sensitivity of polarographic methods can be greatly increased by coating the mercury electrode with an extractant. Thus, Zr02+ sensitivity was increased 104-fold when 3 X 10-33i diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the solution formed a monolayer on the mercury (952).…”

Section: Extraction Systemsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extraction

Freiser¹

1968

Anal. Chem.

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Extraction by various substituted anilides (CH3, N02, -OC2H6, Cl)Mercaptoacetic, -propionic, -succinic acids and their substituted anilides. Catechol and its 3,5-Mo(V, VI)Extraction study. Anionic Mo chelates extract Table I. (Continued) System Metal Ions Special information References DOPA Fe, Mo Extraction equil. 0, AS0, AF°. Extracted species FeA2-HA, Mo02A2 -2HA (459) DOPA Tb, Eu Extraction equil. Role of diluent (506) DOPA Ce Extraction equil. Extracted species CeA4 or at pH 1.7, Ce02A2 (1012) DOPA La, Eu, Lu, Am Extraction and aqueous chloride complex equil. Table I. (Continued) System Metal ions Special information References Valeric to lauric acids Zr Extraction depends on order of addition. Extd. species colloidal (666) Caproic acid Fe Role of pH in extraction (559, 560) Pivalic acid Cu (377) C7-C9 carboxylic acids Alkali metals Extraction equilibria K > Cs > Na > Li (648) C7-C9 carboxylic acids La, Pr, Nd, Gd Extraction decreased with deer. H-bonding of solvent (789) C7-C9 carboxylic acids Mg, Mn, Al, Fe, Th, U (646) C7-C9 carboxylic acids Zr Extraction solvents decrease C6H6N02 > CHCI3 > C6H6 > C,H,6 > Et20 > MIBK > EtOAc. Equilibration takes over week Table 1. (Continued) System Metal ions Special information References Dibutyl-Ar,Ar-diethyl carbamoylmethylene phosphonate Ce, Pm, Am Nitrate system. Extractions are about 100 X that with TBP

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“…In particular, adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV), involving the interfacial accumulation of surface-active Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry 1129 complexes of uranium onto a hanging mercury drop electrode, has been shown useful for monitoring sub-nanomolar levels of trace uranium in different real samples. Uranium complexes with pyrogallol (Lam et al 1983), propyl gallate (Wang et al 1997), oxine (van den Berg and Nimmo 1987), 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone and tri-n-butyl phosphate (Mlakar and Branica 1989), mordant blue (Wang and Zadei 1987), cupferron (Korolczuk et al 2007), diisopropylmethylphosphate (Sohr and Liebetrau 1966), triisobutylphosphate and tripropylphosphate (Berge and Ringstroff 1971;Izutsu and Ando 1985), 4-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-N,N-diethyl-3-hydroxylaniline (Elwerfalli et al 1987), catechol (van Den Berg andHuang 1984), chloranilic acid (Sander et al 1997), dioxouranium(II)-phathalate (Farghaly and Ghandour 1999), cephradine (Ali et al 1995), diethylentriaminepenta acetic acid (Wang and Lu 1997), potassium hydrogen phthalate Farghaly and Ghandour 1999), aluminon (Cha et al 2000), pyromellitic acid , chloranilic acid (Novotny et al 2003), arsenazo (III) (Komersova et al 1998), Schiff base N,N 0 -ethylenebis(salicylidenimine) (Bastos et al 2000), and dipicolinic acid (2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid) (Gholivandet al 2005) have been particularly useful for this task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Uranium (VI) by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using L-3-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl) Alanine as a Selective Complexing Agent

et al. 2008

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The spectrophotometric behavior of uranium (VI) with L-3-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl) alanine (LDOPA) reagent revealed that the uranium can form a ML 2 complex with LDOPA in solution. Thus a highly sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric protocol for measuring of trace uranium, in which the preconcentration was achieved by adsorption of the uranium-LDOPA complex at hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), is described. Optimal conditions were found to be a 0.02 M ammonium buffer (pH 9.5) containing 2.0 Â 10 À5 M (LDOPA), an accumulation potential of À0.1 V (versus Ag=AgCl) and an accumulation time of 120 sec.The peak current and concentration of uranium accorded with linear relationship in the range of 0.5-300 ng ml À1 . The relative standard deviation (at 10 ng ml À1 ) is 3.6% and the detection limit is 0.27 ng ml À1 . The interference of some common ions was studied. Applicability to different real samples is illustrated. The attractive behavior of this reagent holds great promise for routine environmental and industrial monitoring of uranium.

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Spurenbestimmung von Schwermetallionen durch Anreicherung in der Adsorptionsschicht der Hg-Elektrode

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

History of Electroanalytical Methods

History of Electroanalytical Methods

Extraction

Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Uranium (VI) by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using L-3-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl) Alanine as a Selective Complexing Agent

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