Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus

Abstract

LONWNSQUAMOUS-cell carcinoma of the anus and anal canal, though not a rare disease, is relatively infrequent. Less than 2 per cent of all the tumours of the large intestine and anus are situated in the anal region. For this reason it has largely been overshadowed by (Figs. I-4), which is unassociated with the morbidity of previous operations, a more aggressive policy in the treatment of these glands appeared worthy of consideration. During the 34 years between 1928 and 1962, a total of 170 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma FIG. 2.-Two thin femoral flaps are raised. A fatty block, including the deep fascia and the inguinal nodes, is dissected off the underlying muscles, the anterior crural nerve, and the femoral vessels from without inwards. The termination of the internal FIG. I-The skin incision is shown in the insert. The vertical femoral limb divides the skin only, the remainder is carried down to the muscle. The abdominal rotation flap is dissected towards the midline separating the subcutaneous fat from the underlying muscles until the anterior perforating vessels are reached

Management of Anal Canal Cancer

“…No regional lymph node metastasis N 1 Metastases in perirectal lymph node(s) N 2 Metastases in unilateral internal iliac and/or inguinal lymph nodes N 3 Metastases in perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes and/or bilateral internal iliac lymph nodes M Distant metastasis M 0…”

“…No distant metastasis M 1 Distant metastasis UICC = International Union Against Cancer. prove survival.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The incidence of anal carcinoma may rise in tandem with an increase in the prevalence of human papilloma virus-related disease [8][9][10][11] and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. [12][13][14] Traditionally, radical surgery has been considered standard therapy for anal cancer.…”

Changing nature of anal cancer.

“…identified in anal warts are 6 and 11, but human papillomavirus 16 has been found in 8%.8 Identification of DNA from human papillomavirus 16 in anal warts has been related to the degree of dysplasia of the wart.9 '°In one study patients with dysplasia of the anorectal mucosa and no warts had evidence of infection with human papillomavirus, while patients with long standing dysplasia had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. " Preliminary data from a controlled study reported DNA sequences from human papillomavirus in six out of 10 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anus but in none of the 10 patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy or in the three patients with malignant melanoma or adenocarcinoma of the anus.…”

Anal Cancer – Current Perspectives

“…Anal cancer is an uncommon cancer in most Western countries and accounts for only 2% of anorectal cancers [1], There were ap proximately 2,000 cases of anal cancer in the USA in 1990 and 300 cases in the UK in the same period. But it is increasingly becoming the subject of research.…”