Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip. A retrospective study of 146 patients

Abstract

The low tumour stage of our patients may explain the few local and lymph node disease recurrences seen in our study. We have shown tumour size to be directly related to the probability of local recurrence.

Immunohistochemical analysis of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in lower lip squamous cell carcinomas

“…2 In these cases, the 5-year survival can decrease from 80% to only 25%, indicating a poor prognosis. 3,4 Despite the relatively high frequency of LLSCC and the important impact of regional lymph node metastasis on Declaration of Interests: The authors certify that they have no commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript.…”

Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch proteins in carcinogenesis of the lower lip

“…The potential for malignant transformation of these lesions ranges from 10 to 30%. It is well established in the literature that solar radiation is the main aetiological factor for the development of AC and its progression to lower lip SCC . Both UVA and UVB radiation induce direct and indirect DNA damage through the generation of oxidative stress, promoting mutations in key genes that are involved in cell proliferation, DNA repair and cell death and the consequent development of malignant tumours .…”

Histopathological grading systems and their relationship with clinical parameters in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma

“…1,2 The prognosis of patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC) is good when the disease is diagnosed at an early stage, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 80% to 90%. 3,4 Although cervical lymph node metastases are identified in only 6.6-26.5% of cases, 3,5,6 only 25-50% of these patients are still alive after 5 years, indicating a poor prognosis. [4][5][6][7] The clinical staging system of tumours (TNM), which evaluates the extent of the primary tumour (T) and the presence of regional lymph node metastases (N) and distant metastases (M), is the international standard to classify malignant tumours into stages and to estimate the clinical response to therapy and patient survival.…”

“…3,4 Although cervical lymph node metastases are identified in only 6.6-26.5% of cases, 3,5,6 only 25-50% of these patients are still alive after 5 years, indicating a poor prognosis. [4][5][6][7] The clinical staging system of tumours (TNM), which evaluates the extent of the primary tumour (T) and the presence of regional lymph node metastases (N) and distant metastases (M), is the international standard to classify malignant tumours into stages and to estimate the clinical response to therapy and patient survival. [8][9][10] However, some cases of squamous cell carcinoma progress to local recurrence and metastatic dissemination even when they are diagnosed at an early stage and treated correctly, eventually leading to the patient's death.…”