Squamous cell carcinoma related with dental implants. A clinical cases report

Abstract

One third of all cases of head and neck carcinoma (CA) concern the oral mucosa. The use of dental implants (DI) for dental rehabilitation is widely extended. However, a few studies have reported some cases with neoplasic alterations, among the tissue surrounding implants. Our aim was to analyze possible alterations at the bone-implant interface in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), providing new evidence that could relate or discard a possible link between these factors. We used, for the first time, different techniques, including electron microscopy and histology, to analyze the implant ś surface and the surrounding tissue from four clinical cases with neoplasic alterations surrounding DI. Histologically, ample inflammatory tissue was found in direct contact with the implant surface. Surface analysis of this tissue, revealed titanium percentages. According to our study, no oncological relation with deterioration of the implant surface was found, although DI were constantly related with peri-implantitis, a chronic trauma of the oral mucosa that could involve a neoplastic factor.

Cancerous lesions in the vicinity of dental implants: a systematic review

“…In fact, in 5 of the aforementioned cases there was a combination of previous carcinomas and potentially malignant mucosal disorders [20,27,28,32,36,38]. In 9 cases, the authors did not describe this aspect [23,25,35,36,41,46], and only 15 patients without a history of lesions of this type [6,15,19,21,22,24,[30][31][32][33][34]47].…”

“…II). The 38 included studies describe a total of 76 cases in the peri-implant mucosa, in particular, 69 cases of OSCC [5,6, (of which 12 were recurrent) [16][17][18]20,26,27,30,35,39], two lung metastases [36,42] and three breast metastases [13,43,44]. Two cases of verrucous carcinomas were also described [32].…”

“…In most cases, the implants were restored by overdentures (N = 36) and, to a lesser extent, by fixed prostheses (N = 34). In 6 cases, the authors did not describe restorations [30,32,35].…”

“…Practically all patients had intraoral (N = 21) [16,17,20,21,[26][27][28][29][30]32,35,36,38,39] against extraoral cancers (n = 8) [5,9,13,26,[42][43][44][45], or potentially malignant mucosal disorders (n = 29) such as leukoplakias, erythroleukoplakias or oral lichen planus lesions [6,14,18,20,[25][26][27][28]32,[36][37][38]40]. In fact, in 5 of the aforementioned cases there was a combination of previous carcinomas and potentially malignant mucosal disorders [20,27,28,32,36,38].…”

“…In addition, in 18 cases, no risk factors were identified [6,20,22,26,30,[32][33][34]36] and in 27 cases the authors did not mention whether there were any risk factors [5,6,14,16,17,24,25,27,35,36,38,[42][43][44][45][46]. Among the remaining 33 cases, the following risk factors were identified: smoking [6,21,25,26,36,37,39] (or being an ex-smoker [18,23,28,30,32,47]), alcohol consumption [6,9,21,23,[29][30][31]39,47] (or being an ex-alcohol drinker [32]), or both [6,…”