Ss‐Rhs1, a secretory Rhs repeat‐containing protein, is required for the virulence of <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Yu, Yang; Xiao, Jifen; Zhu, Wenjun; Yong, Yang; Mei, Jiaqin; Bi, Chaowei; Qian, Wei; Qing, Ling; Wan-zhong, Tan

doi:10.1111/mpp.12459

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Many plant-pathogenic fungi can form a variety of infection structures on the undamaged plant surface, mainly including appressoria and infection cushions (ICs) [31,32,34,[38][39][40][41]. These infection structures are important for the direct penetration of host tissue, and functional defects in the infection structures could affect the virulence of plant-pathogenic fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Liu

Xiè

Fù

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Botrytis cinerea, a ubiquitous necrotrophic plant-pathogenic fungus, is responsible for grey mold and rot disease in a very wide range of plant species. Subtilisin-like proteases (or subtilases) are a very diverse family of serine proteases present in many organisms and are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological functions. Here, we identified two genes encoding subtilisin-like proteases (Bcser1 and Bcser2) in the genome of B. cinerea, both of which contain an inhibitor I9 domain and a peptidase S8 domain. The expression levels of Bcser1 and Bcser2 increased during the sclerotial forming stage, as well as during a later stage of hyphal infection on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, but the up-regulation of Bcser1 was significantly higher than that of Bcser2. Interestingly, deletion of Bcser1 had no effect on the fungal development or virulence of B. cinerea. However, deletion of Bcser2 or double deletion of Bcser1 and Bcser2 severely impaired the hyphal growth, sclerotial formation and conidiation of B. cinerea. We also found that ∆Bcser2 and ∆Bcser1/2 could not form complete infection cushions and then lost the ability to infect intact plant leaves of Arabidopsis and tomato but could infect wounded plant tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that the subtilisin-like protease Bcser2 is crucial for the sclerotial formation, conidiation, and virulence of B. cinerea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Liu

Xiè

Fù

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Rhs1 is a secreted protein and its orthologs seem to only be present in Sclerotinia and Botrytis species. Rhs1 RNAi mutants show slightly slower colony growth, fewer and larger sclerotial formation, and hypovirulence [51]. These data suggest that Rhs1is likely a key virulence factor for Sclerotinia and it also slightly contributes to growth and sclerotial development.…”

Section: Signaling Events Leading To Sclerotial Formationmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Notorious Soilborne Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: An Update on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Xia

Hoy

et al. 2019

Pathogens

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Ascomycete Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is one of the most damaging soilborne fungal pathogens affecting hundreds of plant hosts, including many economically important crops. Its genomic sequence has been available for less than a decade, and it was recently updated with higher completion and better gene annotation. Here, we review key molecular findings on the unique biology and pathogenesis process of S. sclerotiorum, focusing on genes that have been studied in depth using mutant analysis. Analyses of these genes have revealed critical players in the basic biological processes of this unique pathogen, including mycelial growth, appressorium establishment, sclerotial formation, apothecial and ascospore development, and virulence. Additionally, the synthesis has uncovered gaps in the current knowledge regarding this fungus. We hope that this review will serve to build a better current understanding of the biology of this under-studied notorious soilborne pathogenic fungus.

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“…Furthermore, polyAA repeats, of at least five identical and adjacent residues, were identified within 1,073 predicted protein sequences. The presence of repetitive sequences has been noted in fungal effectors [33, 45, 151] and implicated in the function and evolution of pathogenicity-related genes of other plant-associated microorganisms [152]. Analysis of the 1,105 proteins which obtained either an SSR or polyAA hit indicated 237 (21.45%) were categorised as E. fawcettii -specific and did not obtain a Pfam hit, highlighting potentially novel genus- or species-specific genes involved in host pathogenesis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome mining of the citrus pathogenElsinoë fawcettii; prediction and prioritisation of candidate effectors, cell wall degrading enzymes and secondary metabolite gene clusters

Jeffress

Arun‐Chinnappa

Stodart

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract:Elsinoë fawcettii, a necrotrophic fungal pathogen, causes citrus scab on numerous citrus varieties around the world. Known pathotypes of E. fawcettii are based on host range; additionally, cryptic pathotypes have been reported and more novel pathotypes are thought to exist. E. fawcettii produces elsinochrome, a non-host selective toxin which contributes to virulence. However, the mechanisms involved in potential pathogen-host interactions occurring prior to the production of elsinochrome are unknown, yet the host-specificity observed among pathotypes suggests a reliance upon such mechanisms. In this study we have generated a whole genome sequencing project for E. fawcettii, producing an annotated draft assembly 26.01 Mb in size, with 10,080 predicted gene models and low (0.37%) coverage of transposable elements. The assembly showed evidence of AT-rich regions, potentially indicating genomic regions with increased plasticity. Using a variety of computational tools, we mined the E. fawcettii genome for potential virulence genes as candidates for future investigation. A total of 1,280 secreted proteins and 203 candidate effectors were predicted and compared to those of other necrotrophic (Botrytis cinerea, Parastagonospora nodorum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Zymoseptoria tritici), hemibiotrophic (Leptosphaeria maculans, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhynchosporium commune and Verticillium dahliae) and biotrophic (Ustilago maydis) plant pathogens. Genomic and proteomic features of known fungal effectors were analysed and used to guide the prioritisation of 77 candidate effectors of E. fawcettii. Additionally, 378 carbohydrate-active enzymes were predicted and analysed for likely secretion and sequence similarity with known virulence genes. Furthermore, secondary metabolite prediction indicated nine additional genes potentially involved in the elsinochrome biosynthesis gene cluster than previously described. A further 21 secondary metabolite clusters were predicted, some with similarity to known toxin producing gene clusters. The candidate virulence genes predicted in this study provide a comprehensive resource for future experimental investigation into the pathogenesis of E. fawcettii.

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Ss‐Rhs1, a secretory Rhs repeat‐containing protein, is required for the virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

The Notorious Soilborne Pathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum: An Update on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Genome mining of the citrus pathogenElsinoë fawcettii; prediction and prioritisation of candidate effectors, cell wall degrading enzymes and secondary metabolite gene clusters

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