Staatliche Finanzierung für innovative Exportunternehmen

Klasen, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-29027-6_9

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Originally insurers or lenders of last resort, many institutions are now more actively pursuing opportunities following a ‘trade facilitator’ or ‘trade creator’ approach. A distinction can be made between organisations offering financing, which are often referred to as direct lenders or EXIMs, and ECAs acting as insurance or pure cover providers (Broocks & Biesebroeck, 2017; Gianturco, 2001; Klasen, 2011; Klasen, 2020).…”

Section: Climate Finance and Export Creditmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export finance and the green transition

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

CO 2 emissions are set to hit record levels in 2023, and there is no sign of peaking. The energy sector, in particular, is a key source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and central to efforts to combat climate change. The sector contributed to approximately three-quarters of GHG in 2021 as most energy generation globally comes from fossil fuels. Despite increased climate ambitions and net-zero commitments, many governments still intend to raise oil and gas production, also a result of the economic consequences of the war in Ukraine. Only a moderate decrease in coal production is predicted over the next decade, although 195 countries committed to the Paris Agreement in 2015 (IEA, 2021;Kong & Gallagher, 2021;Olivier & Peters, 2020). The agreement responds to the threat of climate change by holding the increase in global average temperature to 'well below' 2°C in this century, as well as to pursue efforts to limit the rise to 1.5°C.Consequently, the global pathway to net-zero emissions by 2050 requires governments to implement and strengthen climate policies. This requirement led to a broad range of policy approaches, strategic directions, and concrete government actions in recent years. In November 2021, the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties in Glasgow (COP26) accelerated action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. This included pathways to scale up renewable energy use in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) as one of the most relevant mitigation measures to achieve the committed goals. On a national

show abstract

Section: Climate Finance and Export Creditmentioning

confidence: 99%

Export finance and the green transition

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent decades, because of limited private offerings and export-related policy goals, many emerging economies have also started to provide public export credit and insurance facilities (Liao, 2021; Oramah, 2020; Wright, 2011; Gianturco, 2001). Today, there are three main forms of government credit insurance operations: ECAs can be in a form of a government department, act as an independent government agency or be embedded in a commercial organisation, acting on behalf and for the state (Kim, 2020; Klasen, 2020; Coppens, 2009). They have the mandate to finance and insure or guarantee exports, fostering trade and helping to secure jobs in the domestic economy (Felbermayr and Yalcin, 2013; Klasen, 2011).…”

Section: Export Credits the Agreement On Subsidies And Countervailing...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How “safe” is the WTO “safe haven”? A need to modernise disciplines for officially supported export credits

Jennekens

Klasen²

2022

JITLP

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose This paper aims to draw attention to an urgent need for reform of the regulatory framework of the broader export credit system to ensure a new and comprehensive “safe haven” for officially supported export credits. The purpose is to analyse the complex debate on disciplines of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), creating a point of reference for future analysis of and debates around the “carve-out clause” of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) and a “safe haven” in a broader sense. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes inspiration from legal, economic and political science literature on subsidies and officially supported export credits, as well as on legal documents related to the WTO and the OECD. It examines the WTO subsidy and the OECD export credits framework, focusing on main legal and economic governance aspects. Then, it gives a critical analysis how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense might be, assessing frictions of and solutions for the fundamentally different set of disciplines, limitations, financial instruments not covered by OECD regulations, as well as new challenges related to climate finance. Findings After assessing the challenges regarding the “carve-out clause” of the WTO subsidy framework and two tracks aiming to create a new “safe haven”, requirements for comprehensive disciplines for officially supported export credits are pointed out. Furthermore, several misunderstandings and mistakes appearing in the debate are clarified. Research limitations/implications Desktop research rather than empirical field work. Practical implications This paper creates awareness for governments and exporters how to deal with a complex system of interrelated disciplines. The question, how “safe” a “safe haven” in a broader sense can be, has not been resolved yet. Some authors focus on the WTO disciplines not taking into account the need for an effective matching procedure of the Arrangement on Officially Supported Export Credits (the Arrangement). Furthermore, the introduction of several new pre-export financing programmes and the growing significance of climate finance-related instruments for export credit agencies creates both opportunities and challenges. This paper can serve as a reference point for the academic debate and further research. This paper also offers newcomers to the topic a comprehensive overview. Originality/value Although the “carve-out clause” and the Arrangement have been much discussed, there is limited literature review structuring both existing and new aspects of the debate, assessing (dis)advantages of arguments and interpretations. This paper both adds to the corpus of literature about the ASCM, as well as the Arrangement, and takes this corpus as the object of its analysis.

show abstract

Coronahilfen für die Exportwirtschaft

Klasen

2022

Die Corona-Transformation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staatliche Finanzierung für innovative Exportunternehmen

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

Export finance and the green transition

Export finance and the green transition

How “safe” is the WTO “safe haven”? A need to modernise disciplines for officially supported export credits

Coronahilfen für die Exportwirtschaft

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About