“…Standard BAT algorithm 31 has certain inherent issues like failure to converge to global optima, multimodal optimization, poor exploration, slow rate of convergence, and no population diversity. To address these issues, various BAT variants have been introduced by researchers across the globe like Adaptive multi-swarm bat algorithm (AMBA) 32 , Bat with Mutation 33 , BATDNN 34 , Binary Bat algorithm, Differential Operator & Levy flights Bat 32 , Directed Artificial Bat Algorithm (DABA), Double- subpopulation Lévy flight bat algorithm (DLBA) 35 , Dynamic Virtual Bats Algorithm (DVBA) 36 , Improved Bat algorithm (cost estimation) 37 , Improved dynamic virtual bats algorithm with probabilistic selection 38 , Island multi populational parallel bat algorithm (IBA) 34 , Levy flight-based bat algorithm (LBA) 32 , LogisticBatDNN 33 , MeanBatDNN 33 , Modified Bat Algorithm (ANN) 33 , Modified Bat Algorithm (Stability Analysis) 39 , Multi-Objective bat algorithm (MOBA) 36 , Novel bat algorithm with multiple strategies coupling (mixBA) 40 , Piecewise-BatDNN 33 , shrink factor bat algorithm (SBA) 34 , Simplified Adaptive Bat based on frequency 41 , SinBatDNN 34 . Authors in Ref.…”