“…A finding suggests empirically that adults' mathematical literacy is flexible through adulthood and can change even over a three-to-six-year period (Lechner et al, 2021). But in reality, many studies show that the concepts, perspectives, and self-confidence of teachers and prospective teachers toward mathematical literacy are quite low (Arslan & Yavuz, 2012;Colwell & Enderson, 2016;Novak & Tassell, 2017;Önal, Yorulmaz, GÖkbulut, & Altiner, 2017;Umbara & Suryadi, 2019;Yavuz & Erbay, 2015).…”