Stability and change in perception: spatial organization in temporal context

Gepshtein, Sergei; Kubovy, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2038-3

Cited by 45 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…That is, switching was signified at the same endpoint aspect ratios for trials with ascending and descending aspect ratios (the hysteresis measure for the simulation increased from H 0.14 to H 0.02 when adaptation was eliminated from the model). For the same reason, H increased from 0.74 to 1.09 in the no-perturbation condition when adaptation was removed, consistent with evidence that adaptation reduces the size of experimentally observed hysteresis (Gepshtein & Kubovy, 2005;Hock, Kelso, & Schöner, 1993).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

Linking dynamical perceptual decisions at different levels of description in motion pattern formation: Computational simulations

Nichols

Hock

Schöner

2006

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 80%

Linking dynamical perceptual decisions at different levels of description in motion pattern formation: Computational simulations

Nichols

Hock

Schöner

2006

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Ramachandran and Anstis (15) found that the tendency for the observer to perceive the same direction of motion persisted even with delays of 10-30 s between the end of one trial and the beginning of the next and that ''some observers tended to see the same [direction of motion] for indefinitely long periods that were impractical to measure'' (p. 138). Other researchers have reported (16) or studied (17)(18)(19) this effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Past trials influence perception of ambiguous motion quartets through pattern completion

Maloney

Martello

Sahm

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

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There are many celebrated examples of ambiguous perceptual configurations such as the Necker cube that abruptly and repeatedly ''switch'' among possible perceptual states. When such ambiguous configurations are presented intermittently, observers tend to see the same perceptual state on successive trials. The outcome of each trial apparently serves to ''prime'' the outcome of the following. We sought to determine how long the influence of a past trial persists by using ambiguous motion quartets as stimuli. We found large, significant effects of all four most recent trials, but the results were not consistent with any priming model. The results could be explained instead as perceptual completion of two kinds of temporal patterns, repeating and alternating. We conclude that the visual system does not passively remember perceptual state: it analyzes recent perceptual history and attempts to predict what will come next. These predictions can alter what is seen.ambiguous figures ͉ apparent motion ͉ hysteresis ͉ priming V isual perception under ordinary circumstances is an ongoing process. Current visual information is integrated with past information as part of a perceptual cycle (1), and it is not surprising that, for example, the outcome of a given trial in a psychophysical experiment is affected by what has occurred in recent trials. The observer's response time on a particular trial, for example, is significantly affected by recent task history (2-8). This trial-to-trial effect of the past on the present is particularly pronounced in the perception of motion quartets, a commonly used apparent motion stimulus. A motion quartet consists of a brief display of two tokens presented at opposite ends of a diameter of an invisible circle followed a short time later by presentation of two other tokens on a possibly different diameter. With proper choice of timing, the observer sees apparent motion carrying one token of each pair to a token of the other (Fig. 1). The direction of perceived motion implies a correspondence between each token in the first pair and one of the tokens in the second. This pairing of tokens represents the visual system's solution to the motion correspondence problem (9 -11).The perceived motion is compelling, but it can also be ambiguous. When the tokens are all identical and the angle between the diameters is Ϸ90°, many observers are as likely to see movement in the clockwise direction as they are in the counterclockwise direction. By varying , the experimenter can vary the probability that the observer will perceive movement in one direction or the other. When is near 180°, motion is almost always seen as counterclockwise, and when it is near 0°, motion is almost always seen as clockwise.The perceived direction of motion is affected by proximity, the similarity between potentially corresponding tokens (9-14), and the direction of motion perceived during recent trials. Ramachandran and Anstis (15) found that the tendency for the observer to perceive the same direction of motion persisted even wit...

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“…Adaptation, on the other hand, reduces sensitivity to the stimulus features at hand and thus reduces their influence on subsequent perceptual decisions. Gepshtein and Kubovy (2005) demonstrated that both of these processes have effects on perceptual grouping and, moreover, the two influences operate independently of one another. They showed participants dot lattices (Kubovy & Wagemans, 1995) with two competing organisations, e.g., along directions a or b ( Figure 2C).…”

Section: Learning Associative Grouping and Carryover Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

Brooks

2014

Oxford Handbooks Online

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Perceptual grouping refers to the process of determining which regions and parts of the visual scene belong together as parts of higher order perceptual units such as objects or patterns. In the early 20 th century, Gestalt psychologists identified a set of classic grouping principles which specified how some image features lead to grouping between elements given that all other factors were held constant. Modern vision scientists have expanded this list to cover a wide range of image features but have also expanded the importance of learning and other non-image factors. Unlike early Gestalt accounts which were based largely on visual demonstrations, modern theories are often explicitly quantitative and involve detailed models of how various image features modulate grouping. Work has also been done to understand the rules by which different grouping principles integrate to form a final percept. This chapter gives an overview of the classic principles, modern developments in understanding them, and new principles and the evidence for them. There is also discussion of some of the larger theoretical issues about grouping such as at what stage of visual processing it occurs and what types of neural mechanisms may implement grouping principles.

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Stability and change in perception: spatial organization in temporal context

Cited by 45 publications

References 31 publications

Linking dynamical perceptual decisions at different levels of description in motion pattern formation: Computational simulations

Linking dynamical perceptual decisions at different levels of description in motion pattern formation: Computational simulations

Past trials influence perception of ambiguous motion quartets through pattern completion

Traditional and New Principles of Perceptual Grouping

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