Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Doctor, Ninad; Parker, Grayson; Vang, Katie; Smith, Melanie A.; Kayan, Berkant; Yang, Yu

doi:10.3390/molecules25051061

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Data confirm what was addressed in our previous studies [11], which show that ultrasound requires less time to obtain high levels of total phenolic content compared to other extraction methods such as heat-assisted extraction and maceration, besides requiring less solvent [28,29]. Just like ultrasound, some techniques allow the process of extraction become greener while recovering the interested compounds, since they require less use of organic solvents, as approached by Doctor et al with supercritical water extraction technology [30].…”

Section: Extraction Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Baccharis dracunculifolia and Green Propolis

2020

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Baccharis dracunculifolia or rosemary-of-field is the principal botanical source used by Africanized bees Apis mellifera L. to produce green propolis in Southeastern Brazil. The phenolic compounds present in the plant and green propolis have been reported to be responsible for biological activities such as antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants compounds from rosemary-of-field using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and compare results to green propolis extract. An experimental design was performed to obtain responses of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The results allowed observing that the optimum condition for both Baccharis dracunculifolia floral bud and raw green propolis antioxidant extraction was obtained with 99% ethanol solution. In this condition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) values were 612.14 mg GAE. g−1 sample, 534.39 µM ferrous sulfate g−1 sample, and 72.37 µmol TEAC. g−1 sample, respectively, for floral buds. These results have confirmed that optimization is a key step for effective and sustainable extraction processes to be feasible on an industrial scale. The proposed process can be easily adopted on a larger scale, as it uses very few inputs and presents straightforward steps, with the advantage of high efficiency in the extraction of phenolic compounds from the studied matrices compared to the results from the literature. The high concentration of antioxidants indicates that the products obtained can be considered as a sustainable bioactive source for food and cosmetic purposes.

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Section: Extraction Optimizationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Baccharis dracunculifolia and Green Propolis

2020

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“…The solubility of organic compounds such as APIs in medicinal herbs is dramatically enhanced by simply increasing the water temperature. This unique characteristic of high-temperature water makes it an alternative mobile phase solvent for reversed-phase liquid chromatography [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] and an excellent extraction fluid for efficient removal of organics from various sample matrices, including plants and medicinal herbs [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Because different temperatures can be employed to carry out subcritical water extractions, there will be an optimized temperature that yields the highest quantity of APIs and in turn produces the most potent herbal medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical Water Extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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In this work, a green extraction technique, subcritical water extraction (SBWE), was employed to extract active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from an important Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen), at various temperatures. The APIs included tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid. Traditional herbal decoction (THD) of Salvia miltiorrhiza was also carried out for comparison purposes. Reproduction assay of herbal extracts obtained by both SBWE and THD were then conducted on Caenorhabditis elegans so that SBWE conditions could be optimized for the purpose of developing efficacious herbal medicine from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The extraction efficiency was mostly enhanced with increasing extraction temperature. The quantity of tanshinone I in the herbal extract obtained by SBWE at 150 °C was 370-fold higher than that achieved by THD extraction. Reproduction evaluation revealed that the worm reproduction rate decreased and the reproduction inhibition rate increased with elevated SBWE temperatures. Most importantly, the reproduction inhibition rate of the SBWE herbal extracts obtained at all four temperatures investigated was higher than that of traditional herbal decoction extracts. The results of this work show that there are several benefits of subcritical water extraction of medicinal herbs over other existing herbal medicine preparation techniques. Compared to THD, the thousand-year-old and yet still popular herbal preparation method used in herbal medicine, subcritical water extraction is conducted in a closed system where no loss of volatile active pharmaceutical ingredients occurs, although analyte degradation may happen at higher temperatures. Temperature optimization in SBWE makes it possible to be more efficient in extracting APIs from medicinal herbs than the THD method. Compared to other industrial processes of producing herbal medicine, subcritical water extraction eliminates toxic organic solvents. Thus, subcritical water extraction is not only environmentally friendly but also produces safer herbal medicine for patients.

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“…Plant extracts can be analyzed with Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) [ 21 ], Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) [ 22 ], and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) [ 23 , 24 ]. In recent years, the high performance TLC (HPTLC) densitometry method has grown in popularity because it is economic, sensitive, accurate, and reduces the time needed to process large samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Ultrasonicated Kaempferol Extraction from Ocimum basilicum Using a Box–Behnken Design and Its Densitometric Validation

Altemimi

Mohammed

Lee

et al. 2020

Foods

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Kaempferol (KA) is a natural flavonol that can be found in plants and plant-derived foods with a plethora of different pharmacological properties. In the current study, we developed an efficient extraction method for the isolation of KA from ultrasonicated basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum). We successfully employed a Box–Behnken design (BBD) in order to investigate the effect of different extraction variables including methanol concentration (40–80%), extraction temperature (40–60 °C), and extraction time (5–15 min). The quantification of KA yield was carried out by employing a validated densitometric high performance thin layer chromatography in connection with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-VIS). The obtained data showed that the quadratic polynomial model (R2 = 0.98) was the most appropriate. The optimized ultrasonic extraction yielded 94.7 ng/spot of KA when using methanol (79.99%) at 60 °C for 5 min. When using toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (70:30:1 v/v/v) as a solvent, KA was detected in basil leaves at an Retention factor (Rf) value of 0.26 at 330 nm. Notably, the analytical method was successfully validated with a linear regression of R2 = 0.99, which reflected a good linear relationship. The developed HPTLC-VIS method in this study was precise, accurate, and robust due to the lower obtained results from both the percent relative standard deviation (%RSD) and SEM of the O. basilicum. The antioxidant activity of KA (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.68 μg/mL) was higher than that of the reference ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.79 μg/mL) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (IC50 = 0.88 μg/mL). The development of economical and efficient techniques is very important for the extraction and quantification of important pharmaceutical compounds such as KA.

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Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Baccharis dracunculifolia and Green Propolis

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidants from Baccharis dracunculifolia and Green Propolis

Subcritical Water Extraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Optimization of Ultrasonicated Kaempferol Extraction from Ocimum basilicum Using a Box–Behnken Design and Its Densitometric Validation

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