Stability and Rheological Behavior of Mayonnaise-like Emulsion Co-Emulsified by Konjac Glucomannan and Whey Protein

Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the physical stability and rheological properties of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by a konjac glucomannan–whey protein (KGM-WP) mixture at a konjac glucomannan concentration of 0.1–0.5% (w/w) and a whey protein concentration of 1.0–3.0% (w/w). The droplet size, microstructure, stackability, flow behavior, and viscoelastic properties were measured. The experimental results showed that with an increase in KGM and WP concentrations, the droplet size (D4,3) of the emulsion gradually decreased to 12.9 μm, and the macroscopic performance of the emulsion was a gel-like structure that can be inverted and resist flow and can also be extruded and stacked. The static shear viscosity and viscoelasticity generally increased with the increase of konjac glucomannan and whey protein concentration. Emulsions were pseudo-plastic fluids with shear thinning behavior (flow behavior index: 0.15 ≤ n ≤ 0.49) and exhibited viscoelastic behavior with a storage modulus (G′) greater than their loss modulus (G″), indicating that the samples all had gel-like behavior (0.10 < n′ < 0.22). Moreover, storage modulus and loss modulus of all samples increased with increasing KGM and WP concentrations. When the concentration of konjac glucomannan was 0.3% w/w, the emulsion had similar rheological behavior to commercial mayonnaise. These results suggested that the KGM-WP mixture can be used as an effective substitute for egg yolk to make a cholesterol-free mayonnaise-like emulsion. The knowledge obtained here had important implications for the application of protein–polysaccharide mixtures as emulsifiers/stabilizers to make mayonnaise-like emulsions in sauce and condiments.