Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Bird Flapping Flight

Ducci, Gianmarco; Colognesi, Victor; Vitucci, Gennaro; Chatelain, Philippe; Ronsse, Renaud

doi:10.1007/s00332-021-09698-1

Cited by 11 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We modified an already published 53 model of the mammalian clockwork and translated our experimental findings to refine the system. Numerical simulations were performed in Python using the multiflap Python toolbox to solve non-linear systems of ordinary differential equations 99 . Cell-to-cell heterogeneity was simulated by randomly and simultaneously varying all transcription, translation, degradation as well as nuclear import and export rates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live-cell imaging of circadian clock protein dynamics in CRISPR-generated knock-in cells

et al. 2021

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The cell biology of circadian clocks is still in its infancy. Here, we describe an efficient strategy for generating knock-in reporter cell lines using CRISPR technology that is particularly useful for genes expressed transiently or at low levels, such as those coding for circadian clock proteins. We generated single and double knock-in cells with endogenously expressed PER2 and CRY1 fused to fluorescent proteins allowing us to simultaneously monitor the dynamics of CRY1 and PER2 proteins in live single cells. Both proteins are highly rhythmic in the nucleus of human cells with PER2 showing a much higher amplitude than CRY1. Surprisingly, CRY1 protein is nuclear at all circadian times indicating the absence of circadian gating of nuclear import. Furthermore, in the nucleus of individual cells CRY1 abundance rhythms are phase-delayed (~5 hours), and CRY1 levels are much higher (>5 times) compared to PER2 questioning the current model of the circadian oscillator.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Live-cell imaging of circadian clock protein dynamics in CRISPR-generated knock-in cells

et al. 2021

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“…However, studies often overlook the equally essential inertial properties (Fig. 1a) or use static morphology approximations for individual species 13,[17][18][19][20] . Here we fill this gap by investigating the variable inertial characteristics of flying birds to provide the necessary next step towards establishing a general framework of avian manoeuvrability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Birds can transition between stable and unstable states via wing morphing

Harvey

Baliga

Wong

et al. 2022

Nature

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Birds morph their wing shape to accomplish extraordinary manoeuvres1–4, which are governed by avian-specific equations of motion. Solving these equations requires information about a bird’s aerodynamic and inertial characteristics5. Avian flight research to date has focused on resolving aerodynamic features, whereas inertial properties including centre of gravity and moment of inertia are seldom addressed. Here we use an analytical method to determine the inertial characteristics of 22 species across the full range of elbow and wrist flexion and extension. We find that wing morphing allows birds to substantially change their roll and yaw inertia but has a minimal effect on the position of the centre of gravity. With the addition of inertial characteristics, we derived a novel metric of pitch agility and estimated the static pitch stability, revealing that the agility and static margin ranges are reduced as body mass increases. These results provide quantitative evidence that evolution selects for both stable and unstable flight, in contrast to the prevailing narrative that birds are evolving away from stability6. This comprehensive analysis of avian inertial characteristics provides the key features required to establish a theoretical model of avian manoeuvrability.

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“…where β is the tail opening angle, ψ s,z is the shoulder sweep offset, A s,x is the wingbeat amplitude, and q w,y is the mean rotation angle of the wing profiles of the forearm about the axis y, see Figure 4. The other parameters defining the wing kinematics are kept fixed to values similar to those reported in [13].…”

Section: Numerical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state space vector is thus where u and w are the body velocities along the x ′− and z ′−axis and θ and q are the pitch angle and its time derivative about the y ′−axis, respectively. Consequently, the equations of motion read [11, 13, 19] …”

Section: Dynamical Model Of Bird Flightmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the role of tail in stability and energetic cost of bird flapping flight

Ducci

Vitucci

Chatelain

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Migratory birds travel over impressively long distances. Consequently, they have to adopt flight regimes being both efficient - in order to spare their metabolic resources - and robust to perturbations. This paper investigates the relationship between both aspects, i.e. mechanical performance and stability in flapping flight of migratory birds. Relying on a poly-articulated wing morphing model and a tail-like surface, several families of steady flight regime have been identified and analyzed. These families differ by their wing kinematics and tail opening. A systematic parametric search analysis has been carried out, in order to evaluate power consumption and cost of transport. A framework tailored for assessing limit cycles, namely Floquet theory, is used to numerically study flight stability. Our results show that under certain conditions, an inherent passive stability of steady and level flight can be achieved. In particular, we find that progressively opening the tail leads to passively stable flight regimes. Within these passively stable regimes, the tail can produce either upward or downward lift. However, these configurations entail an increase of cost of transport at high velocities penalizing fast forward flight regimes. Our model-based predictions suggest that long range flights require a furled tail configuration, as confirmed by field observations, and consequently need to rely on alternative mechanisms to stabilize the flight.

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Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of Bird Flapping Flight

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Live-cell imaging of circadian clock protein dynamics in CRISPR-generated knock-in cells

Live-cell imaging of circadian clock protein dynamics in CRISPR-generated knock-in cells

Birds can transition between stable and unstable states via wing morphing

On the role of tail in stability and energetic cost of bird flapping flight

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