Stability of cubic phase and curvature tuning in the lyotropic system of branched chain galactose-based glycolipid by amphiphilic additives

Surface Properties and Liquid Crystal Properties of Alkyltetra(oxyethyl) β-d-Glucopyranoside

“…For 4e – 4g , their orderly phase sequences should be observed as the water phase (A), the lamellar phase (F), and the intrinsic crystalline state (X). Herein, it was the lamellar phase (F) instead of the hexagonal phase (B). ,, Although water permeated into middle-chain β- d -glucopyranosides ( 4b – 4d , n = 8–12), forming the hexagonal phase (B) was perhaps a preferred method. However, while water permeated into long-chain β- d -glucopyranosides ( 4e – 4g , n = 14–18), it was likely to form the lamellar phase (F), which would indicate that the long-chain enjoyed hydrophobic interaction and microphase separation so that the formation of the lamellar phase (F) could just meet the demand of such stability .…”

“…Moreover, the modified glucopyranosides had good surface activity, stronger hydrophilicity, and interesting thermotropic/lyotropic liquid crystal phase behavior. There are reasons to believe that they have potential applications in the commercial formulations of biotechnology, membrane protein separation, biomedicine, food, cosmetics, self-assembly, and so on. Despite promising advantages, further in-depth research should be needed to explore thoroughly specific and meaningful practical application solutions related to preparation, eco-environmental issue, , economic benefit, reconstruction, and technology progress due to their unique structure and multifaceted performance to the perspective of supervision and management.…”

“…Of course, attractive nonionic glycosurfactants could be widely used in cosmetics, pesticide delivery, household and industrial applications, degumming agents, and adhesives and nanoreactors owing to their remarkable surface activity and extraordinary environmental comparative advantage. Importantly, in terms of their amphiphilic structure, renewable origin, and multifunctional features, owing mostly to the corresponding autoadapted microphase separation, self-organization, and self-assembly based on the repulsive interaction between the polar portion and nonpolar portion each other in a specific temperature range, a lot of glycosurfactants would preferentially exhibit intriguing thermotropic or lyotropic liquid crystal structures, − namely Maltese crosses, smetic (SmA, SmA*, SmA 1 *, SmA 2 *, SmA c *, SmA d *, SmX), columnar (fan texture), reversed micellar (L 2 ), hexagonal (H 1 ), reversed hexagonal (H 2 ), , cubic (I 1 , V 1 ), reversed cubic (I 2 , V 2 ), inverse bicontinuous cubic (V II , i.e., V II G (Ia3d), V II D (Pn3m), and V II (Im3m)), , lamellar (L α ), − sponge (L 3 ), ,, micellar (L 1 ), and Gel (L β ) . All investigation involving phase formation, stability, and transformation could be useful to formulate specific self-assembly materials for practical applications.…”

“…The production of sugar-based compounds from natural and renewable raw materials through chemical synthesis should be an eternal hot spot/topic and has attracted significant attention. Studies have shown that the phase behaviors should greatly depend on hydrophilic sugar head and hydrophobic alkyl chains. , For example, it has been shown that increasing the alkyl chain length leads to higher thermal stability of the thermotropic and lyotropic phases, because long-chain alkyl glycosides have stronger van der Waals interactions and require more energy to melt them. ,, In recent years, the application of sugar-based nonionic surfactants has become more widespread, which greatly increases the possibility of them entering the environment and industrial and household waste . More importantly, their biological and industrial importance has encouraged the development and application of many synthetic glycolipids and their derivatives; the well-known APGs should be the most important, which have been found to be used in many fields. , It is reported that although long-chain APGs and AGs with 1,2-cis or 1,2-trans anomeric pure have high surface activity, they have a fatal weakness, that is, weak hydrophilicity and poor or even no water solubility, which has brought great limitations to its commercial application .…”

Development, Therapeutic Evaluation and Theranostic Applications of Cubosomes on Cancers: An Updated Review

“…Physically, they are colorless, polar unsaturated monoglycerides with a melting point of 27-35 • C. Because they are amphiphilic, they nurture in both lipophilic and hydrophilic ways. Due to the presence of hydrocarbon chains in the tail region and hydroxyl groups in the head region, the amphiphilicity of this compound may be explained by its ability to establish hydrogen bonds with water in aqueous media [53]. Since GMO is a biodegradable substance, it is also employed in the food industry, mostly as an emulsifier [54].…”