Stability of cylindrospermopsin, the toxin from the cyanobacterium,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: Effect of pH, temperature, and sunlight on decomposition

Chiswell, Robyn K.; Shaw, G. R.; Eaglesham, Geoff; Smith, Maree J.; Norris, Ross; Seawright, A. A.; Moore, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7278(199902)14:1<155::aid-tox20>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 253 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The utilization of algicides, physical removal of surface scum using oil spill equipment, and increasing the salinity of water reservoirs are all currently used as bloom remediation strategies that are capable of resulting in cyanobacterial stress and subsequently the release of toxins into the surrounding water column. Residence times for these released toxins are subject to water composition and bacterial assemblages yet could persist in the water column for up to 3 weeks (Jones and Orr, 1994;Lahti et al, 1997;Chriswell et al, 1999). The key management plan for minimizing cyanobacterial blooms is to intervene at the source of the problem.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin release in response to oxidative stress and programmed cell death in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxin release in response to oxidative stress and programmed cell death in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

2006

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“…However, this compound in the cyanobacterial extract is degraded rapidly to 54% of the initial concentration (1 mg l -1 ) within 3 hours. CYN in natural water samples studied by Chiswell et al (1999) under sunlight had a half-life of 11-15 days. The results obtained by Wörmer et al (2008) showed that photodegradation of CYN in natural conditions depends on the water depth.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…However, in another study performed by Wörmer et al (2008), biodegradation of this toxin by the microbial community was not observed within 40 days. Chiswell et al (1999) showed that the toxin is stable at temperatures and pH values prevailing in the environment. They studied the influence of temperatures in the range of 4 to 50°C on degradation of CYN (1 and 4 mg l -1 ) for 4 weeks.…”

Section: Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cylindrospermopsin: cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Biological aspects and potential risk for human health and life

Adamski

Chrapusta

Bober

et al. 2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cytotoxin produced by several species of cyanobacteria, which occur all over the world. It was demonstrated that CYN has a wide spectrum of biological activity in animal cells, involving hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and carcinogenic potential, and is considered as one of the factors that caused human poisoning in Palm Island (Australia) and in Caruaru (Brazil). This compound may be introduced into organism by several ways, including consumption of water, fishes and seafood as well as accidental swallowing or aerosol spray inhalation during recreational using of reservoirs covered by cyanobacterial blooms. The information about the CYN impact on environment and its degradation processes under natural conditions is scant. Taking this into consideration CYN should be regarded as a potential threat to human health and life. This review presents physicochemical characteristic and biological activity of CYN, occurrence in freshwaters and its sensitivity to the influence of some environmental factors.

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“…This accumulation in the extracellular fraction has not been completely explained yet, but could be related to an increased CYN release from the cells and a long persistence of the toxin in the dissolved state due to limited degradation (Chiswell et al 1999;Smith et al 2008;Wormer et al 2008). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in solid phase extraction of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin

Wörmer

Carrasco

Cirés

et al. 2009

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Unlike other cyanotoxins, cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is often found in high concentrations in the extracellular fraction, possibly due to a higher release from the producing cells and a limited degradation once liberated. This fact demands effective recovery methods from environmental samples to guarantee a proper quantification. A reliable and simple solid phase extraction (SPE) method was obtained by the sole use of graphitized carbon cartridges and by paying special attention to both the selection of the most suitable solvent and the need of sample preparation prior to SPE. An acidified combination of dichloromethane and methanol not only showed best recoveries, but also allowed drastic reduction to the elution volumes needed with complete recovery being achieved in only 8 mL. Acidification of the sample and addition of sodium chloride are suggested as valuable improvements to the SPE method and turn out to be essential for correct and robust recovery of CYN in environmental samples of great diversity in terms of pH, DOC, and conductivity. Excellent behavior of the proposed method over a wide range of CYN loadings, applied sample volumes, and DOC loadings was also confirmed.

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Stability of cylindrospermopsin, the toxin from the cyanobacterium,Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii: Effect of pH, temperature, and sunlight on decomposition

Cited by 253 publications

References 17 publications

Toxin release in response to oxidative stress and programmed cell death in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Toxin release in response to oxidative stress and programmed cell death in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

Cylindrospermopsin: cyanobacterial secondary metabolite. Biological aspects and potential risk for human health and life

Advances in solid phase extraction of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin

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