This paper investigates the existence of positive solutions for the following high-order nonlinear fractional differential boundary value problem (BVP, for short)where n − 1 < α ≤ n, n ≥ 3, 0 ≤ λ < 2, D α 0 + is the Caputo fractional derivative. By using the monotone method, the theory of fixed point index on cone for differentiable operators and the properties of Green's function, some new uniqueness and existence criteria for the considered fractional BVP are established. As applications, some examples are worked out to demonstrate the main results. c 2016 All rights reserved.Keywords: Fractional differential equations, differentiable operators, fixed point index theorems on cone, integral boundary value conditions. 2010 MSC: 34A08, 34B15, 34B18.