Stability of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity

Manuck, Stephen B.; Schaefer, Dirk

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(78)90150-6

Cited by 77 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Al¬ though short-term in the sense that these elevations are time limited with respect to specific stimuli, the cumu¬ lative effects of repeated elevations can result in consid¬ erable cumulative exposure to elevated levels of physi¬ ologic activity. Individual differences in propensity to interpret stimuli as requiring a greater or lesser degree of physiologic reactivity appear to be relatively stable char¬ acteristics20 21 and are among the factors thought to con- tribute ultimately to differential levels of allostatic load and risk for disease.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Price of Adaptation—Allostatic Load and Its Health Consequences

Seeman

Singer²,

Rowe³

et al. 1997

Arch Intern Med

1,047

291

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Findings are consistent with the conceptualization of allostatic load as an index of wear and tear on the body, with elevations in allostatic load predicting an increased risk for a decline in cognitive and physical functioning as well as cardiovascular disease in a cohort of older men and women. From a clinical perspective, the concept of allostatic load may provide the basis for a more comprehensive assessment of major risks in the aging process.

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Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Price of Adaptation—Allostatic Load and Its Health Consequences

Seeman

Singer²,

Rowe³

et al. 1997

Arch Intern Med

1,047

291

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The correlations between the baseline values for Days 1 and 2 and for response magnitude values for Days 1 and 2 were positive in sign and statistically significant for both mean BP and HR, which indicated that task-elicited cardiovascular responding exhibits between-session stability as well as withinsession stability. These findings, together with the Manuck and Garland (1980), Manuck and Schaefer (1978), and Ray and Emurian (1982) findings, suggest that the task-elicited BP response is characterized by stability and persistence with respect to time, which makes it an ideal tool for the study of individual differences in cardiovascular function as well as for the study of the effects of long-acting experimental variables on cardiovascular change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This could be demonstrated with both naive subjects and highly practiced subjects . In another series of experiments, Manuck and Garland (1980) and Manuck and Schaefer (1978) found that BP responses elicited by an anagram task showed a high test-retest reliability, even over an interval of 13 months. An examination of the figures presented in the Manuck and Garland and Manuck and Schaefer studies suggests that the magnitude of the elicited BP response diminished slightly over sessions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Repeated elicitation of the blood pressure response

Ray

Emurian

1982

Psychobiology

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Task-elicited blood pressure (BPI, heart rate (HRI, and respiration rate (RRI responses were reliably and persistently elicited during the five 5-min trials for two consecutive daily sessions. BP response magnitude declined slightly over trials for both sessions. This diminution in magnitude was due, however, to a gradual rise in baseline levels. In general, examination of trial-by-trial data and of the between-session correlations for baseline and response magnitude values suggests that task-elicited BP and HR responses, and, to a lesser extent, RR responses, constitute a highly stable system that changes slowly,if at all, with practice. 321It is well known that the performance of a variety of psychomotor and cognitive tasks is associated with elevations in blood pressure (BP). These tasks have ranged from performing a reaction-time task to filling out a questionnaire. Despite the ubiquity of such demonstrations, relatively little is known about the dynamics of task-elicited BP responding. Instead, studies involving the elicitation of BP responses have typically used the elicited response as a tool for the study of other variables, such as response patterning (Engel & Bickford, 1961) and vulnerability to cardiovascular disease (Krantz, Schaeffer, Davia, Dembroski, MacDougall, & Shaffer, 1981), and the study of sophisticated theories of cardiovascularsomatic integration (Obrist, 1976). Because of such research emphases, only a few studies have directly addressed the short-term and long-term persistence of such responses. For example, in an early study, Malmo, Shagass, and Heslam (1951) found that taskelicited increases in systolic BP declined sharply in magnitude after several trials . One problem with this finding is that a different task was used on each trial and the tasks were presented in a fixed sequence. This procedure inextricably confounds the effects of type of task with order, thus allowing the alternative explanation that the tasks presented late in the series were less "potent" than the tasks presented early in the series. More recently, Ray and Emurian (1982) found that task-elicited BP elevations showed no diminution in magnitude during a 6O-min experimental session in which the task was continuously present. This could be demonstrated with both naive subjects and highly practiced subjects . In another series of experiments, Manuck and Garland (1980) and Manuck and Schaefer (1978) found that BP responses elicited by an anagram task showed a high test-retest reliability, even over an interval of 13 months. An examination of the figures presented in the Manuck and Garland and Manuck and Schaefer studies suggests that the magnitude of the elicited BP response diminished slightly over sessions. This trend, however, was riot discussed by the authors.The purposes of the present study were to investigate the effect of repeated elicitation of the BP response, both within sessions and between sessions, and to examine, in a preliminary way, the reliability of BP responding across sessions and the intercor...

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“…Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration also change in animals when the flight or fight response is activated (Manuck and Schaefer, 1978). All these autonomic functions have neural circuits to the amygdala.…”

Section: Species Differences In Fear Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these autonomic functions have neural circuits to the amygdala. Fear can be measured in animals by recording changes in autonomic activity In humans, Manuck and Schaefer (1978) found tremendous differences in cardiovascular reactivity in response to stress, reflecting a stable genetic characteristic of individuals.…”

Section: Species Differences In Fear Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%