Stability of peripheral refraction changes in orthokeratology for myopia

Gifford, Kate; Gifford, Paul; Hendicott, Peter; Schmid, Katrina L.

doi:10.1016/j.clae.2019.11.008

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Third, accommodation might also be a factor related to peripheral refraction [27][28] , and the effects of accommodation of the peripheral retina on myopia onset and progression remain to be studied. Our results here are in line with those of other studies on peripheral refraction and reveal hyperopic changes in relative peripheral refraction in children who became myopic [7,15,18,20,29] . Our findings suggested that relative peripheral hyperopia at 10° N may predict the occurrence of myopia in 14 to 16-yearold Chinese students, although the exact reason was unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

Qi¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To characterize peripheral refraction and its relationship with myopia development in a selected group of male teenage Chinese students. METHODS: This 2-year prospective cohort study randomly enrolled 85 non-myopic boys (age, 14-16y) from the Experimental Class of Air Force in China. Cycloplegic peripheral refraction was examined at 0°, ±10°, and ±20° along the horizontal visual field in the right eye at the baseline and 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: The incidence of myopia at the 2-year follow-up was 15.29% (13/85). The baseline central refraction (CR) and peripheral refraction at ±10° were significantly lower in students who developed myopia than in those who did not (P<0.05). Relative peripheral refraction (RPR) did not differ between students with and without myopia (P>0.05). At the 2-year follow-up, the RPR at ±10° and 20° nasal was significantly more hyperopic in the myopic group than in the non-myopic group. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the change in CR was significantly correlated with the changes in RPR at 20° nasal, 10° nasal, and 20° temporal. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the baseline CR [odds ratio (OR): 0.092, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.012-0.688, P=0.020] and the baseline RPR at 10° nasal (OR: 0.182, 95%CI: 0.042-0.799, P=0.024) were significantly correlated with incident myopia (Omnibus test, χ2=10.20, P=0.006). CONCLUSION: CR change is significantly correlated with changes in RPR, and students who develop myopia have more relative peripheral hyperopia. More baseline CR and relative peripheral hyperopia at 10° nasal are protective of myopia onset.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

Qi¹,

Wang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Int J Ophthalmol

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“…1 ). Since the RPR was stable while wearing an OK lens for 1 to 12 months [ 32 ], and the subjects needed to undergo a dilation examination at the 6-month follow-up (the measurements and results are not shown in this paper), the RPR examination was performed at the 6-month follow-up instead of the 1-month follow-up to avoid adding an additional dilation. AL was measured at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of peripheral refraction and higher-order aberrations between orthokeratology and multifocal soft contact lens designed with highly addition

Huang

Xue

Ding

et al. 2022

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose To compare peripheral defocus, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and contrast visual acuity (CVA) in myopic children wearing orthokeratology (OK) lenses and multifocal soft contact lenses (MSCLs) designed with highly addition. Methods This is a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study. Subjects at 8 to 13 years of age with spherical equivalent refraction from − 1.00 to − 5.00 dioptres (D) were included in the OK group (n = 30) and MSCL group (n = 23). Relative peripheral corneal defocus (RPCD) and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) were measured before and after wearing lenses. HOAs including spherical aberration (SA), coma, trefoil, and total HOAs, and high (100%) and low (10%) CVA were compared between the groups. Axial length (AL) was measured before and after wearing the lenses for 1 year. Results After wearing the lenses, subjects in the MSCL group had RPCD and RPR values similar to the OK group at the paracentral (within 2 mm of the cornea or 20° of the retina, all p > 0.05) but larger than the OK group at the periphery (all p < 0.05). All HOAs increased after wearing the lenses except the trefoil in the MSCL group (all p < 0.05). HOAs increased more in the OK group (all p < 0.05). The 100% and 10% CVAs were worse in the MSCL group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.004). After 1 year, AL elongation was 0.37 mm (SD = 0.16) in the MSCL group and 0.28 mm (0.16) in the OK group (p = 0.06). Conclusion MSCL produced larger myopic defocus at the periphery, increased less HOAs and had worse CVA than OK lens. The high addition of this MSCL did not result in better myopia control efficacy Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1800018564. Registered 25 September 2018; retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=31376

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“…Fewer studies have examined the refractive change along the vertical meridian [55,56], however the magnitude of relative peripheral myopic defocus induced is comparable to changes observed along the horizontal meridian, out to approximately ±15 degrees. Changes in peripheral optics stabilise following one week of ortho-k treatment [300], and may persist for up to one year [301].…”

Section: Peripheral Defocusmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCLA CLEAR - Orthokeratology

Vincent

Cho

Chan³

et al. 2021

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

114

103

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Orthokeratology (ortho-k) is the process of deliberately reshaping the anterior cornea by utilising specialty contact lenses to temporarily and reversibly reduce refractive error after lens removal. Modern ortho-k utilises reverse geometry lens designs, made with highly oxygen permeable rigid materials, worn overnight to reshape the anterior cornea and provide temporary correction of refractive error. More recently, ortho-k has been extensively used to slow the progression of myopia in children.This report reviews the practice of ortho-k, including its history, mechanisms of refractive and ocular changes, current use in the correction of myopia, astigmatism, hyperopia, and presbyopia, and standard of care. Suitable candidates for ortho-k are described, along with the fitting process, factors impacting success, and the potential options for using newer lens designs. Ocular changes associated with ortho-k, such as alterations in corneal thickness, development of microcysts, pigmented arcs, and fibrillary lines are reviewed. The safety of ortho-k is extensively reviewed, along with an overview of non-compliant behaviours and appropriate disinfection regimens. Finally, the role of ortho-k in myopia management for children is discussed in terms of efficacy, safety, and potential mechanisms of myopia control, including the impact of factors such as initial fitting age, baseline refractive error, the role of peripheral defocus, higher order aberrations, pupil size, and treatment zone size.

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Stability of peripheral refraction changes in orthokeratology for myopia

Cited by 24 publications

References 47 publications

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

Relative peripheral refraction and its role in myopia onset in teenage students

Comparison of peripheral refraction and higher-order aberrations between orthokeratology and multifocal soft contact lens designed with highly addition

BCLA CLEAR - Orthokeratology

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