Stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel under compressive stress: an investigation from macro to nano scale

Hossain, Rumana; Pahlevani, Farshid; Quadir, Zakaria; Sahajwalla, Veena

doi:10.1038/srep34958

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…High-carbon and chromiumcontaining steels are widely used in the current bearing industry, where the steel is often heattreated to obtain either martensitic or bainitic microstructures [2]. High-carbon martensitic steels are very well known for their high strength and hardness properties and have been used extensively for bearings over the past century [1,3]. Bainitic or martensitic microstructures are often obtained together with a retained volume fraction of austenite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Voothaluru

Bedekar

et al. 2019

Metals

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In situ neutron diffraction of the uniaxial tension test was used to study the effect of the surrounding matrix microstructure on the mechanical stability of retained austenite in highcarbon bearing steels. Comparing the samples with bainitic microstructures to those with martensitic ones it was found that the retained austenite in a bainitic matrix starts transforming into martensite at a lower strain compared to that within a martensitic matrix. On the other hand, the rate of transformation of the austenite was found to be higher within a martensitic microstructure. Crystal plasticity modeling was used to analyze the transformation phenomenon in these two microstructures and determine the effect of surrounding microstructure on elastic, plastic and transformation components of the strain. The results showed that the predominant difference in the deformation accumulated was from the transformation strain and the critical transformation driving force within the two microstructures. The retained austenite was more stable for identical loading conditions in case of martensitic matrix compared to the bainitic one.It was also observed that the initial volume fraction of retained austenite within the bainitic matrix would alter the onset of transformation to martensite but not the rate of transformation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Voothaluru

Bedekar

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…Dual-phase high carbon steel has been designed to have dual-phase martensite and a retained austenite microstructure. Upon applying stress on this steel, the retained austenite transforms into martensite, which enhances its mechanical properties [4,5]. Recent studies revealed that retained austenite improved wear-resistance and sudden breakage could be minimised due to its capacity to absorb energy from impacts and loads [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-Induced Phase Transformation and Its Correlation with Corrosion Properties of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel

Handoko

Pahlevani

Hossain

et al. 2019

JMMP

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It is well known that stress-induced phase transformation in dual-phase steel leads to the degradation of bulk corrosion resistance properties. Predicting this behaviour in high carbon steel is imperative for designing this grade of steel for more advanced applications. Dual-phase high carbon steel consists of a martensitic structure with metastable retained austenite which can be transformed to martensite when the required energy is attained, and its usage has increased in the past decade. In this study, insight into the influence of deformed microstructures on corrosion behaviour of dual-phase high carbon steel was investigated. The generation of strain-induced martensite formation (SIMF) by residual stress through plastic deformation, misorientation and substructure formation was comprehensively conducted by EBSD and SEM. Tafel and EIS methods were used to determine corrosion intensity and the effect of corrosion behaviour on hardness properties. As a result of the static compression load, the retained austenite transformed into martensite, which lowered its corrosion rate by 5.79% and increased the dislocation density and the length of high-angle grain boundaries. This study demonstrates that balancing the fraction of the martensite phase in structure and dislocation density, including the length of high-angle grain boundaries, will result in an increase in the corrosion rate in parallel with the applied compression load.

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“…The retained austenite phase in this high carbon steel is a meta-stable phase, which can be transferred to a martensitic structure if the required energy is provided [1]. Recent study by Rumana et al has demonstrated that the percentage of carbon in austenitic phase is lower than carbon in martensitic phase in dual-phase high carbon steel [8,9], this means that the corrosion mechanism can be initiated from either the retained austenite or martensite phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dual-phase high carbon steel with a chemical composition of 0.98% C, 0.97% Mn, 0.63% Cr and a martensite structure with an average of 30% retained austenite [1] was used in this study. Samples were cut to dimensions of 6 mm × 6 mm × 3 mm using a low-abrasion cutting rate.…”

Section: Materials Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dual-phase high-carbon steel consists of martensite and retained austenite structures that offers excellent toughness [1], hardness, and abrasion resistance, making it suitable for extreme operating conditions [2] and environments [3]. Besides a comprehensive understanding of these excellent mechanical properties, we need to similarly understand the corrosion mechanism/s and the behaviour of the constituent phases of dual-phase steels if we are to effectively evaluate their real potential for many applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel—Microstructure Influence

Handoko

Pahlevani

Sahajwalla

2017

JMMP

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Dual-phase high carbon steel is widely used in mining and in chemical industry applications in highly abrasive environments due to its excellent hardness and abrasion resistance. In recent years, the use of less expensive but more corrosive solutions in industrial processes has become more common. As a result, detailed understanding of the corrosion behaviour of dual-phase high carbon steel is needed; an issue that has, to date, been little-studied. This study investigates in detail the corrosion behaviour of dual-phase high carbon steel in a sodium chloride solution at different times, at the macro-and nano-scale, using various techniques. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D laser-scanning confocal microscopy, the corrosion behaviour of this important industrial steel was investigated at the micro-scale, then by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) it was further investigated at the nano-scale. The results reveal preferential corrosion attack on the retained austenitic phase, rather than the martensite phase, which is due to the carbon partitioning between martensite and austenite in this grade of steel.

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Stability of retained austenite in high carbon steel under compressive stress: an investigation from macro to nano scale

Cited by 71 publications

References 39 publications

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Investigating the Difference in Mechanical Stability of Retained Austenite in Bainitic and Martensitic High-Carbon Bearing Steels using in situ Neutron Diffraction and Crystal Plasticity Modeling

Stress-Induced Phase Transformation and Its Correlation with Corrosion Properties of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel

Corrosion Behaviour of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel—Microstructure Influence

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