Stability of ricinine, abrine, and alpha-amanitin in finished tap water

Knaack, Jennifer S.; Pittman, Christopher T.; Wooten, Joe V.; Jacob, Jovitta; Magnuson, Matthew L.; Silvestri, Erin; Johnson, Rudolph C.

doi:10.1039/c3ay40304a

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These beverage investigations [68,69] have shown that SPE followed by HPLC-MS/MS is an effective approach to extract and to determine abrine. Although the analysis of tap-water samples was very problematic, the recovery of abrine from commercial beverages was excellent.…”

Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of abrine is an important addition to determining abrin directly, as it can be analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS [68,69] in a much shorter time than direct protein analysis can be performed. Detection methods for abrine are of great importance to clinical medicine [70] as it is excreted in urine following an ingestion of seeds.…”

Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of abrine in samples from several water authorities within the USA was also recently performed using SPE and HPLC-MS/MS [69]. The water samples were spiked with abrine and two additional small-molecule indicators for other biological toxins.…”

Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct testing of the abrin protein has been performed by ELISAs [58][59][60][61], immunochromatographic strips [62][63][64][65], multiplex detection immunoassay [66] and ECL assays [53,60]. Indirect means of testing for abrin include using real-time PCR to test for the genes encoding the protein [67] and determining the small molecule abrine by HPLC-MS/MS [68,69].…”

Section: Analysis Of Abrin In Food and Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The analysis of abrin in food and beverages

Robb

2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc-ms/ms Analysis Of Abrinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Abrin In Food and Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The analysis of abrin in food and beverages

Robb

2015

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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“…In addition to the easier isolation of L-abrine and ricinine, they have also demonstrated longer stability in contaminated matrices thereby allowing for a larger window between the time of contamination and detection [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of L-Abrine and Ricinine Spiked into Selected Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Muneem¹

2014

J Chromatogr Sep Tech

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Abrin and ricin are highly toxic and lethal proteins which have the potential to be used as bioterrorism agents.Labrine and ricinine, molecular biomarkers for abrin and ricin, serve as useful biomarkers in assessing exposure and contamination.In this study, we developed a method for the quantitation of L-abrine and ricinine spiked into four food types: ground beef, chicken breast, hot dogs, and Eggbeaters®.This method involved sample homogenization, followed by polymeric reversed solid phase extraction, evaporation, and reconstitution.Determination and quantitation of L-abrine and ricinine was achieved using LC tandem mass spectrometry utilizing positive electrospray ionization. Quantitation was based upon fragmentation of m/z219→132 for L-abrine and m/z 165→138 for ricinine.The limit of detection achieved was 0.1 µg/L while the limit of quantitation was 0.50 µg/L for L-abrine and 0.30 µg/L for ricinine.A 7-point standard calibration curve showed good linearity for both analytes (r2 = 0.990) with a CV of <10% for replicates.Spiked fortified food matrices at 5 µg/L, 25 µg/L, and 50 µg/L yielded recoveries ranging from 93-119%. Validation results showed this method to be rapid, accurate, sensitive, and suitable for surveillance monitoring of food products suspected of abrin and ricin contamination.

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Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Oyler

Maistros

Oyler

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Liquid chromatography (LC) directly interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a highly specific and sensitive analytical technique for a wide range of target analytes ranging from small, semi‐volatile chemicals to large biopolymers like proteins, DNA, polar lipids, and carbohydrates. This makes it an important technique in the analysis of biomedical and environmental samples for chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and biological toxins. In LC, like gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), target analytes can be separated from other complex matrix components through chromatographic mechanisms prior to being introduced into a mass spectrometer for unequivocal identification and quantification. The advent of electrospray and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization made it possible to introduce molecules efficiently from the liquid or solid phase into the gas phase for mass spectrometric analysis. The advantage of LC over gas chromatography (GC) is that polar CWA degradation products and metabolites, protein toxins and biomarker adducts like organophosphate nerve agent (OPNA)‐protein adducts and sulfur mustard‐protein and DNA adducts can be readily resolved and isolated from complex matrices for mass spectrometric identification and quantification. The disadvantage to LC for this analysis is that there are many more variables involved in the efficient and robust chromatography, volatilization, and ionization of target analytes prior to introduction into the MS as compared to GC/MS, and there is, generally, a wider range of mass spectrometer types with differing capabilities directly interfaced with LC systems currently in use in laboratories making the establishment of reliable spectral libraries more difficult for these systems; individual laboratories can establish their own libraries based on specific instrumentation and specific method parameters provided they have authentic analytical standards for the target analytes of interest. That said, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSMS) are a very important technique that every laboratory involved in the analysis of samples for CWAs, their degradation products and metabolites, and toxins should have in their arsenal in order to successfully address and complete this analytical mission. This article briefly describes method theory and recent method applications to the analysis of these compounds in biomedical and environmental samples which remain important to the international community because of their potential use as terrorist and warfare threats.

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Stability of ricinine, abrine, and alpha-amanitin in finished tap water

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

The analysis of abrin in food and beverages

The analysis of abrin in food and beverages

Quantitative Analysis of L-Abrine and Ricinine Spiked into Selected Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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