Stability of the Cortical Sensory Waveforms, the P1-N1-P2 Complex and T-Complex, of Auditory Evoked Potentials

Wagner, Monica; Shafer, Valerie L.; Haxhari, Evis; Kiprovski, Kevin; Behrmann, Katherine; Griffiths, Tara

doi:10.1044/2017_jslhr-h-16-0056

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As illustrated in Figure 1A , P1-N1-P2 was defined as an averaged response from four fronto-central (FC) electrode sites, 4, 5, 55, and Cz (VREF), and the T-complex was defined as the averaged response from left and right posterior temporal (PT) electrode sites, 24 and 52. Comparison of P1-N1-P2 and T-complex split epoch averages (Handy, 2005 ) obtained from these fronto-central and posterior temporal electrodes, has revealed reliable waveform morphologies (Wagner et al, 2017 ). Alpha level was set at p = 0.05 for statistical analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Language Experience with a Native-Language Phoneme Sequence Modulates the Effects of Attention on Cortical Sensory Processing

et al. 2017

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Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) reflect spectro-temporal feature changes within the spoken word and are sufficiently reliable to probe deficits in auditory processing. The current research assessed whether attentional modulation would alter the morphology of these AEPs and whether native-language experience with phoneme sequences would influence the effects of attention. Native-English and native-Polish adults listened to nonsense word pairs that contained the phoneme sequence onsets /st/, /sət/, /pət/ that occur in both the Polish and English languages and the phoneme sequence onset /pt/ that occurs in the Polish language, but not the English language. Participants listened to word pairs within two experimental conditions designed to modulate attention. In one condition, participants listened to word pairs and performed a behavioral task to the second word in the pairs (“with task”) and in the alternate condition participants listened to word pairs without performing a task (“without task”). Conditions were counterbalanced so that half the English and Polish subjects performed the “without task” condition as the first testing session and the “with task” condition as the second testing session. The remaining English and Polish subjects performed the tasks in the reverse order. Two or more months separated the testing sessions. Task conditions did not modulate the morphology of the AEP. Attention, however, modulated the AEP by producing a negative shift in the overall waveform. This effect of attention was modulated by experience with a native-language phoneme sequence. Thus, only Polish listeners showed an effect of attention to the native language /pt/ onset when the behavioral task occurred as the second testing session for which attention demands were reduced. This effect began at 400 ms and suggests a mechanism at intermediate stages within auditory cortex that facilitates recognition of the native language for comprehension.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unique waveform patterns are sufficiently reliable in normal subjects that they may have utility for probing deficits in auditory processing (Wagner et al, 2016 , 2017 ). One potential confound for this strategy is that attention also modulates scalp-recorded AEPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Language Experience with a Native-Language Phoneme Sequence Modulates the Effects of Attention on Cortical Sensory Processing

et al. 2017

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“…In posterior temporal areas, the activity is described by the T-Complex and has 3 major components: two negative peaks Na and Tb, and positive peak Ta [ 29 – 33 ]. The T-complex has been described as a useful clinical measure of higher-level auditory function in children [ 34 ] and adults [ 35 ]. CAEPs have been used with considerable success to assess the integrity of the auditory system in pediatric and adult CI users [ 36 – 41 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical reorganization after cochlear implantation for adults with single-sided deafness

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAdults with single sided deafness (SSD) have lost binaural function, which limits sound source localization, speech understanding in noise, and quality of life. For SSD patients, restoration of bilateral auditory input is possible only with a cochlear implant (CI). In this study, cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and behavioral performance were measured in left-implanted (SSD-CI-L) and right-implanted (SSD-CI-R) patients before and after cochlear implantation. We hypothesized that improvements in behavioral performance would be accompanied by changes in CAEPs after cochlear implantation.DesignProspective longitudinal study.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodNine right-handed adult SSD CI patients participated in the study. CAEPs were recorded before cochlear implantation and at 6 and 12 months post-implantation. CAEPs were elicited using speech stimuli (/ba/) delivered in sound field at 70 dBA. Global field power (GFP) latency and amplitude were calculated for P1, N1 and P2 peaks at each test session. CAEP were analyzed at frontocentral (Cz) and temporal (P7, P8, T7 and T8) and mastoid electrodes (M1 and M2) contralateral to the CI ear. Behavioral measures (sentence recognition in noise, with and without spatial cues) were collected at the same test sessions as for CAEPs. Speech performance and CAEPs were also measured in a control group of normal-hearing (NH) subjects.ResultsWhile increased N1 amplitude was observed in the scalp potential maps for GFP and Cz for SSD-CI-L patients after implantation, the changes were not statistically significant. Peak CAEP amplitude at electrodes to contralateral to the CI ear increased after cochlear implantation for all SSD-CI patients, but significant increases were observed only for mastoid sites. Peak latencies for some components at temporal and mastoid sites remained significantly longer than for the NH control group, even after cochlear implantation. For SSD-CI-R patients, P2 peak amplitude for baseline GFP and Cz was significantly lower than for the NH control group. A significant improvement for speech understanding in noise was observed at 12 months post-implantation when speech was presented to the CI ear and noise to the non-implanted ear.ConclusionAfter cochlear implantation, speech understanding significantly improved when speech and noise were spatially separated. The increased N1 amplitude for SSD-CI-L patients and the increased bilateral activation for all SSD-CI patients may reflect cortical reorganization and restoration of binaural function after one year of experience with the CI. However, because of the limited number of SSD patients, significant changes in cortical activity after cochlear implantation were often difficult to observe.

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“…The N100 is understood as indexing detection of auditory events by the brain (Näätänen & Picton, ) and tracking the perceptual features of auditory stimuli (Hillyard & Picton, ), while the P50 is said to reflect sensory gating (Adler et al, ), both being common steps in processing nonspeech sounds and spoken language alike. In sum, these two components are well‐established indexes of the generally normal functioning of the auditory system (Korzyukov et al, ; Ostroff, Martin, & Boothroyd, ; Sharma et al, ; Vaughan & Ritter, ; Wagner et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task‐free auditory EEG paradigm for probing multiple levels of speech processing in the brain

et al. 2018

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While previous studies on language processing highlighted several ERP components in relation to specific stages of sound and speech processing, no study has yet combined them to obtain a comprehensive picture of language abilities in a single session. Here, we propose a novel task-free paradigm aimed at assessing multiple levels of speech processing by combining various speech and nonspeech sounds in an adaptation of a multifeature passive oddball design. We recorded EEG in healthy adult participants, who were presented with these sounds in the absence of sound-directed attention while being engaged in a primary visual task. This produced a range of responses indexing various levels of sound processing and language comprehension: (a) P1-N1 complex, indexing obligatory auditory processing; (b) P3-like dynamics associated with involuntary attention allocation for unusual sounds; (c) enhanced responses for native speech (as opposed to nonnative phonemes) from ∼50 ms from phoneme onset, indicating phonological processing; (d) amplitude advantage for familiar real words as opposed to meaningless pseudowords, indexing automatic lexical access; (e) topographic distribution differences in the cortical activation of action verbs versus concrete nouns, likely linked with the processing of lexical semantics. These multiple indices of speech-sound processing were acquired in a single attention-free setup that does not require any task or subject cooperation; subject to future research, the present protocol may potentially be developed into a useful tool for assessing the status of auditory and linguistic functions in uncooperative or unresponsive participants, including a range of clinical or developmental populations.

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Stability of the Cortical Sensory Waveforms, the P1-N1-P2 Complex and T-Complex, of Auditory Evoked Potentials

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Language Experience with a Native-Language Phoneme Sequence Modulates the Effects of Attention on Cortical Sensory Processing

Language Experience with a Native-Language Phoneme Sequence Modulates the Effects of Attention on Cortical Sensory Processing

Cortical reorganization after cochlear implantation for adults with single-sided deafness

Task‐free auditory EEG paradigm for probing multiple levels of speech processing in the brain

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