Stabilization and Local Conflicts: Communal and Civil War in South Sudan

Krause, Jana

doi:10.1080/17449057.2019.1640505

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Since 1998 the Democratic Republic of Congo has undergone successive war and armed conflicts that resulted in over 5.4 million deaths [3]. South Sudan has been devastated by civil war since December 2013 which resulted in about 400,000 deaths, 190,000 the direct result of fighting [4]. Likewise, a deadly civil war has ravaged Somalia since 1991 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidities and associated factors among refugees in Nakivale camp in southwestern Uganda

et al. 2020

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Background: Armed conflict in Africa has led to displacement of over 24.2 million people, more than 1.4 million of whom are living in Uganda. Studies show that refugees living in Ugandan refugee settlements are at increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. However data on the prevalence of other mental health problems among refugees including depression, anxiety and substance use disorder among refugees in Uganda is lacking. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, its main psychiatric comorbidities and perceived psychosocial needs among refugees in Nakivale refugee camp. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of refugee camp residents (n = 387) from nine different countries of origin. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and perceived needs by the Humanitarian Emerging Settings Perceived Needs Scale (HESPER). Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high among refugees as was the level of perceived needs. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders were generalized anxiety disorders (73%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (67%), major depressive disorder (58%) and substance use disorders (30%). There was a higher level of comorbidity between PTSD and substance use disorder (OR = 5.13), major depressive disorder (OR = 4.04) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR = 3.27). In multivariate analysis, PTSD was positively associated with the perception of stress as a serious problem (OR = 6.52; P-value = 0.003), safety and protection for women in the community (OR = 2.35; P-value = 0.011), care for family (OR = 2.00; P-value = 0.035) and Place to live in (OR = 1.83; P-value = 0.04). After applying the Bonferroni correction, the perception of stress remained significantly associated with PTSD. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong association between PTSD, its main comorbidities and basic needs in Nakivale refugee camps. Mental health support should include psychological interventions as well as social assistance to improve the health of refugees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidities and associated factors among refugees in Nakivale camp in southwestern Uganda

et al. 2020

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“…The SPLM-IG together with the SPLM-IO being the principle practitioners. As historically reported in Sicily, southern Italy, with reprisal killings, South Sudan has similar inter-communal grievances that are intentionally stoked-up by its organised criminal groups and their networks in order to gain and retain control of lucrative sociopolitical and socioeconomic territory (Al Jazeera, 2020; Cottino, 1990;Krause, 2019;Sparling, 2017). Cattle rustling, kidnapping, rape and murder are regularly employed and encouraged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Violent crime and extremism in South Sudan: The modus operandi of organised criminal groups and political corruption

Ding

2021

Preprint

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Environmental Criminology (EC) theories are regularly employed by law enforcement practitioners within their efforts to disrupt the criminal activities of motivated offenders. However, EC theories have not been utilised to combat the illicit activities of “State-supported” offenders. This study explored organised crime in South Sudan by applying EC theories and large group population psychoanalysis. A null hypothesis - “violent crime in South Sudan is not associated with ideological extremism” - was postulated and assessed. Fifty-Four South Sudanese government officials participated in semi-structured interviews. Violent crime and organised crime were reported to be common in South Sudan. Both were identified as being facilitated by political corruption. The study concludes that there is no association between ideological extremism and violent crime; including ethnic and tribal extremism. EC theories and population psychoanalysis may be cogently employed to practically inform stakeholders’ efforts in combating the criminal activities of State-supported motivated offenders. The EC crime triangle is a useful tool for highlighting State-supported illicit activities that: Challenge democratic governance in failing or failed Nation-States; Undermine the international rules of law and human rights, and; Threaten global peace and security via transnational criminal activities, including the financing of foreign terrorist organisations.

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“…The politically most palatable choice for channeling interventionist efforts to end violence and create security in war-torn sites was the reinvigoration of the stabilization agenda in peacebuilding (Belloni and Moro 2019). The notion of stabilization came to permeate peace operations from Haiti to DRC and Mali through incorporating 'lessons learnt' from Afghanistan and Iraq, that is: buttressing the state and delivering 'quick impact' peace dividends in conflict-affected environments (Curran and Hunt 2020;Karlsrud 2015;Krause 2019;Muggah 2014;cf. Brinkerhoff 2007).…”

Section: The Reversal Of Peacebuildingmoving Towards Closurementioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction – Peacebuilding Amidst Violence

Öjendal

Bachmann

Stern

et al. 2021

Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding

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This is a literature-reviewing and conceptualizing article introducing a Special Issue that is addressing the broad field of 'peacebuilding amidst violence'. We take as a point of departure that peacebuilding (as we know it) is widely failing to deliver on its promises. Moreover, the atypical nature and persistence of violence in post-war phases are further undermining the prospect of linear transition from war to peace as typically expected in peacebuilding ventures. We extend, however, our argument and claim that in spite of creative 'turns', the concept has exhausted its adaptive capacity, and both conceptually and empirically has few options left. We investigate the three possible, as we see it, remaining options, which all include paradigmatic changes, namely the closure of, the refusal of the failure of, and the reenacting of, peacebuilding. Although the 're-enacting' is the preferred way forward for the authors of this introductory article, it rather opens up for the ensuing articles presented in the issue than concludes of the desirability and feasibility of that path.

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Stabilization and Local Conflicts: Communal and Civil War in South Sudan

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidities and associated factors among refugees in Nakivale camp in southwestern Uganda

Post-traumatic stress disorder, psychiatric comorbidities and associated factors among refugees in Nakivale camp in southwestern Uganda

Violent crime and extremism in South Sudan: The modus operandi of organised criminal groups and political corruption

Introduction – Peacebuilding Amidst Violence

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