The
ubiquitous instability of RNA along with issues associated
with its purity degree have been preventing its widespread use as
low-cost biotherapeutics. On the basis of the well-known capacity
of amino acids to specifically interact with RNA when used as chromatographic
ligands, a set of amino-acid-based ionic liquids (AA-ILs) was herein
investigated, both to act as preservation media and as phase-forming
agents of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). This set of strategies was
combined with the goal of developing integrated extraction-preservation
platforms. AA-ILs comprising the cholinium cation and anions derived
from l-lysine ([Ch][Lys]), l-arginine ([Ch][Arg]), l-glutamic acid ([Ch][Glu]), and dl-aspartic acid ([Ch][Asp])
were studied. It is shown that the stability of RNA is preserved in
aqueous solutions of the studied AA-ILs, even in the presence of ribonucleases
(RNases). Furthermore, almost all the investigated AA-ILs display
no cytotoxicity onto two distinct human cell lines. After identifying
the most promising ILs, ABS formed by AA-ILs and polypropylene glycol
with a molecular weight of 400 g mol–1 (PPG 400)
were investigated as extraction and purification platforms for RNA.
Both with pure RNA and bacterial lysate samples, RNA is successfully
extracted to the IL-rich phase without compromising its integrity
and stability. On the basis of these results, the integrated extraction-preservation
process for RNA is finally demonstrated. RNA is initially extracted
from the bacterial lysate sample using ABS, after which the IL-rich
phase can be used as the preservation medium of RNA up to its use.
RNA can be then recovered from the IL-rich phase by ethanol precipitation,
and the ABS phase-forming components recovered and reused. Although
improvements in the purity level of RNA are still required, the approach
here reported represents a step forward in the development of sustainable
processes to overcome the critical demand of high-quality/high-purity
RNA to be used as biotherapeutics.