Stabilizing a Fabry–Perot Etalon Peak to 3 cm s<sup>-1</sup>for Spectrograph Calibration

Schwab, Christian; Stürmer, Julian; Gurevich, Yulia V.; Führer, Thorsten; Lamoreaux, S. K.; Walther, Thomas; Quirrenbach, A.

doi:10.1086/682879

Cited by 62 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…However, the systems need to be referenced to LFCs, lamps or atomic features (Bauer et al 2015;McCracken et al 2014;Reiners et al 2014;Schwab et al 2015;Halverson et al 2014). Precise vacuum and temperature controls are generally required to stabilize the devices and it is important to track and correct for drifts in the dispersion.…”

Section: Fabry-pérot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

Fischer

Anglada‐Escudé

Arriagada³

et al. 2016

PASP

321

254

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The Second Workshop on Extreme Precision Radial Velocities defined circa 2015 the state of the art Doppler precision and identified the critical path challenges for reaching 10 cm s −1 measurement precision. The presentations and discussion of key issues for instrumentation and data analysis and the workshop recommendations for achieving this bold precision are summarized here.Beginning with the HARPS spectrograph, technological advances for precision radial velocity measurements have focused on building extremely stable instruments. To reach still higher precision, future spectrometers will need to improve upon the state of the art, producing even higher fidelity spectra. This should be possible with improved environmental control, greater stability in the illumination of the spectrometer optics, better detectors, more precise wavelength calibration, and broader bandwidth spectra. Key data analysis challenges for the precision radial velocity community include distinguishing center of mass Keplerian motion from photospheric velocities (time correlated noise) and the proper treatment of telluric contamination. Success here is coupled to the instrument design, but also requires the implementation of robust statistical and modeling techniques. Center of mass velocities produce Doppler shifts that affect every line identically, while photospheric velocities produce line profile asymmetries with wavelength and temporal dependencies that are different from Keplerian signals.Exoplanets are an important subfield of astronomy and there has been an impressive rate of discovery over the past two decades. However, higher precision radial velocity measurements are required to serve as a discovery technique for potentially habitable worlds, to confirm and characterize detections from transit missions, and to provide mass measurements for other space-based missions. The future of exoplanet science has very different trajectories depending on the precision that can ultimately be achieved with Doppler measurements.

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Section: Fabry-pérot Interferometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

Fischer

Anglada‐Escudé

Arriagada³

et al. 2016

PASP

321

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In addition, this approach could be utilized in long baseline interferometers such as OHANA enabling micro-arcsec angular resolution imaging. The PANDORA project will aim at exploiting the full advantage of efficient coupling into single-mode fibers presented here, by utilizing other technologies for precision radial velocity studies not currently possible, which includes photonic spectrographs 13,14 , and compact high precision calibration sources 15,16 . In addition we aim to explore injecting into low fiber count photonic lanterns, which also offer a single-mode fiber injection for a spectrograph, that will no doubt compliment direct single mode injection in some regimes of AO correction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to inject light efficiently into single-mode fibers

et al. 2014

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A key avenue to improving the precision of radial velocity measurements is by using photonic devices to collect the light from the focal plane and delivering the beams to the slit of spectrograph via a single-mode fiber. Single-mode fibers have the favorable property that they allow light to propagate in a single energy distribution characterized by a Gaussian shape with a flat wavefront which is temporarily stable and independent of changes to the injection. These properties mean that the point spread function delivered to the input slit of a spectrograph is highly stable with time and independent of changes to the injection which is currently a key limitation to precision radial velocity measurements and known as "Modal Noise". Further light delivery via single-mode fibers is the key requirement to realize long baseline interferometers such as the Optical Hawaiian Array for Nanoradian Astronomy.Injecting into single-mode fibers efficiently is inherently difficult because it requires closely matching the intensity and wavefront of the focused beam to that supported by the fiber. The atmosphere is currently the key roadblock to efficient injection. However, extreme adaptive optics systems such as Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system currently being commissioned will enable high order wavefront correction and make efficient coupling into single-mode fibers possible. In addition, pupil apodization optics used for coronagraphy, known as phase induced amplitude apodization lenses also present in the SCExAO instrument, allow for close matching of the intensity distributions.We report on the progress and lessons learnt on developing an efficient single-mode injection unit within the SCExAO instrument. As part of the PANDORA project we aim to use this injection and combine it with several other photonic technologies to enable high precision radial velocity measurements in new and innovative ways.

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“…7(a)-(g), we simulate the case in which the FFP cavity length is locked at one wavelength, e.g., to an optical frequency reference as in [23,24,26], with the expectation that frequency stabilizing one mode would stabilize all FFP modes. The precision with which the out-of-loop modes are stabilizedparticularly those far from the stabilizing frequency -remains an outstanding question in the field.…”

Section: Simulated Frequency Lock Of the Ffpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However in contrast to broadband optical frequency combs, the FP transmission modes are not strictly uniform in spacing, and their absolute frequencies are tied to the optical and mechanical properties of the etalon itself (rather than a stabilized atomic standard), which can fluctuate and drift with local environmental changes in temperature, pressure, and humidity. Even with precise temperature or mechanical stabilization [21,22], or direct optical locking of the FP cavity to an atomic reference [24], long-term changes of the cavity dispersion and material properties will impact absolute spectral stability of the FP output. Although some research efforts have focused on the use of optical cavities as a frequency transfer tool in atomic spectroscopy and frequency metrology [25][26][27][28][29], the ultimate utility of a broadband FP calibrator for astronomy, particularly over long timescales, is not yet fully understood or quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency stability characterization of a broadband fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer

et al. 2017

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An optical etalon illuminated by a white light source provides a broadband comb-like spectrum that can be employed as a calibration source for astronomical spectrographs in radial velocity (RV) surveys for extrasolar planets. For this application the frequency stability of the etalon is critical, as its transmission spectrum is susceptible to frequency fluctuations due to changes in cavity temperature, optical power and input polarization. In this paper we present a laser frequency comb measurement technique to characterize the frequency stability of a custom-designed fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FFP). Simultaneously probing the stability of two etalon resonance modes, we assess both the absolute stability of the etalon and the long-term stability of the cavity dispersion. We measure mode positions with MHz precision, which corresponds to splitting the FFP resonances by a part in 500 and to RV precision of ≈ 1 m s −1 . We address limiting systematic effects, including the presence of parasitic etalons, that need to be overcome to push the metrology of this system to the equivalent RV precision of 10 cm s −1 . Our results demonstrate a means to characterize environmentally-driven perturbations of etalon resonance modes across broad spectral bandwidths, as well as motivate the benefits and challenges of FFPs as spectrograph calibrators.

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Stabilizing a Fabry–Perot Etalon Peak to 3 cm s^-1for Spectrograph Calibration

Cited by 62 publications

References 57 publications

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

How to inject light efficiently into single-mode fibers

Frequency stability characterization of a broadband fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer

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Stabilizing a Fabry–Perot Etalon Peak to 3 cm s-1for Spectrograph Calibration

Cited by 62 publications

References 57 publications

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

State of the Field: Extreme Precision Radial Velocities

How to inject light efficiently into single-mode fibers

Frequency stability characterization of a broadband fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Stabilizing a Fabry–Perot Etalon Peak to 3 cm s^-1for Spectrograph Calibration