Stabilizing effect of a magnetic field on a gas bubble produced at a microelectrode

Fernández, Dámaris; Martine, Milena; Meagher, A.J.; Möbius, Matthias E.; Coey, J. M. D.

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2012.01.016

Cited by 57 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…27 Hence, the observed bubble diameter follows a d ∝ t 1/3 dependency as reported in other studies. 27,29,40 Furthermore, it can be seen from under the influence of the magnetic field with B ⊥ = 180 mT are illustrated in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would lead to a stabilizing effect that retards the bubble detachment rather than accelerating it, which was also suggested by other studies. 29,31 An estimation of this force can be obtained from the numerical data as both the simulation and the experiment provide sufficiently similar distributions of the predominant azimuthal velocity. The hydrodynamic pressure force can be calculated by integrating the relative pressure change along the bubble surface, 24,44 where p, p c and S B denote the hydrodynamic pressure in the liquid, the pressure at the contact point of the bubble and the solid surface and the bubble surface exposed to the liquid.…”

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers have chosen nano-26 or microelectrodes (diameter ∼ O(100 μm)) to pin the bubbles at a certain position. [27][28][29][30] In contrast to the case of large working electrodes, experimental 29,28 and numerical 31 investigations at microelectrodes point to a stabilizing effect of the magnetic field on the bubbles. Indeed, with increasing Lorentz force, the growth rate of the bubbles became smaller and the bubbles remained attached longer on the electrode before they detached.…”

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On the Electrolyte Convection around a Hydrogen Bubble Evolving at a Microelectrode under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

Baczyzmalski

Karnbach

Yang

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Water electrolysis was carried out in a 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution under different potentiostatic conditions in the presence of a magnetic field oriented normal to the horizontal microelectrode (100 μm in diameter). The imposed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrolyte flow around the evolving hydrogen bubble was studied to clarify the effect on the detachment of the bubble from the electrode and the mass transfer toward the electrode. Different particle imaging and tracking techniques were applied to measure the three-dimensional flow in the bulk of the cell as well as in close vicinity of the evolving bubble. The periodic bubble growth cycle was analyzed by measurements of the current oscillations and microscopic high-speed imaging. In addition, a numerical study of the flow was conducted to support the experimental results. The results demonstrate that the MHD flow imposes only a small stabilizing force on the bubble. However, the observed secondary flow enhances the mass transfer toward the electrode and may reduce the local supersaturation of dissolved hydrogen. Renewable energy technologies have become increasingly important in view of the worldwide rising CO 2 emissions. The growing application of volatile energy sources such as wind and solar power requires efficient energy storage and distribution systems in order to sustain stability in the electrical grid. Hydrogen shows great potential for long-term energy storage as well as mobile units employing fuel cells as it provides a large energy density. Moreover, high purity hydrogen (and oxygen) can be directly generated from the electricity produced by a wind turbine or solar panel by the electrolysis of water. However, one main challenge for the establishment of water electrolysis on an industrial scale is its relatively low efficiency, typically in the order of 60% for conventional alkaline water electrolyzers. 1 A considerable part of the losses is the result of hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles evolving at, and sticking to the electrodes' surfaces, thus hindering the formation of new gas bubbles. Furthermore, they reduce the effective electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, which leads to an increased ohmic voltage drop. The accelerated removal of gas bubbles from the electrode's surface and the bulk was studied by many researchers to improve the efficiency of the process.2-6 Forced convection has been found to be able to enhance the detachment of bubbles from the electrode and therefore reduce the fractional bubble coverage significantly.7-12 A relatively simple method that has recently attracted considerable research interests in this context is the application of magnetic fields. The superposition of a magnetic field on the inherent electric field gives rise to Lorentz forces f L = j × B acting as body forces directly on the electrolyte, where j denotes the current density and B is the magnetic induction, respectively. 13 The flow generated by these Lorentz forces is often referred to as the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect.It was shown that stirring with...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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On the Electrolyte Convection around a Hydrogen Bubble Evolving at a Microelectrode under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

Baczyzmalski

Karnbach

Yang

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…[20] In that case it is possible to see the opposite effect -hydrogen bubbles grow bigger in a vertical field applied normal to the microelectrode surface. [21] Motion tracking images using PVC particles reveal that the flow created when the current distribution is deformed around the growing bubble tends to pin it to the microelectrode. Electrochemical noise analysis provides a frequency spectrum, [22] and it suggests that bubbles grow by coalescence with much smaller ones, [20,21,23] something that can be observed directly, together with microbubble growth and release, using high-speed photography.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochemical noise analysis provides a frequency spectrum, [22] and it suggests that bubbles grow by coalescence with much smaller ones, [20,21,23] something that can be observed directly, together with microbubble growth and release, using high-speed photography. [21,24] Magnetic field does modify the bubbling regime, but surface tension appears to be the critical factor.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic fields in electrochemistry: The Lorentz force. A mini-review

Monzón

Coey

2014

Electrochemistry Communications

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

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Spin‐Related Electrode Reactions in Nanomaterials

Sun¹,

Hou²

2022

Functional Nanomaterials

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Stabilizing effect of a magnetic field on a gas bubble produced at a microelectrode

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

On the Electrolyte Convection around a Hydrogen Bubble Evolving at a Microelectrode under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

On the Electrolyte Convection around a Hydrogen Bubble Evolving at a Microelectrode under the Influence of a Magnetic Field

Magnetic fields in electrochemistry: The Lorentz force. A mini-review

Spin‐Related Electrode Reactions in Nanomaterials

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