Stabilizing effect of epoxidized sunflower oil on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

Benaniba, Mohamed Tahar; Belhaneche‐Bensemra, Naïma; Gelbard, G.

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00170-7

Cited by 94 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…92 Epoxy fatty acids can also be used as PVC-stabilisers owing to their ability to slow down degradation by scavenging the free HCl released during PVC decomposition when exposed to heat and light. 93 In addition, epoxidized derivatives of fatty acids can be used as diluents for paints, as intermediates for polyurethane-polyol production, as corrosion protecting agents and as additives to lubricating oils. 94 Epoxidized fatty acids can be obtained from natural sources.…”

Section: Lipases In Epoxidation Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

et al. 2014

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Lipases are versatile enzymes that can be used for various kinds of biocatalyzed reactions. Owing to their selectivity and their mild reaction conditions, they can be often considered as more interesting than classical chemical catalysts. Besides their application in oil and fat processes, these enzymes have proved to be very attractive for other lipase-catalyzed reactions. This review discusses the latest results where lipases are used for the epoxidation of lipid substrates (namely fatty acids and their derivatives) and phenolic compounds. This chemo-enzymatic process involves a two step synthesis where the biocatalyst acts as a perhydrolase to produce peracids, which then act as catalysts to epoxidize double bonds. Various factors govern the efficiency of the reaction in terms of kinetics, yields and enzyme stability.These parameters are evaluated and discussed herein. (Résumé d'auteur

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Section: Lipases In Epoxidation Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

et al. 2014

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“…Furthermore, the esterification and etherification reactions which occur with unstable allylic chlorine groups in PVC provide an explanation for the very low values of the initial rates of DHC observed when ESO is used in combination with the Ca/Hg stearates. The observed enhanced stabilization effectiveness of the metal soaps of ESO is considered to results from the combined action of the peroxide [34].…”

Section: Stabilization Of Thermally Degraded Rigid Pvc Using Mixed Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxy compounds are well known as typical nonmetallic stabilizers for PVC [20]. They are generally regarded as secondary stabilizers used to enhance the effectiveness of metal soaps.…”

Section: Ft-ir Spectra Of Degraded Pvc Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilizing effect of epoxidized sunflower oil as a secondary stabilizer for Ca/Hg stabilized PVC

Taghizadeh¹,

Nalbandi²,

Bahadori³

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Unsaturated triglyceride oil sunflower was epoxidized and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO) was used as an organic thermal co-stabilizer for rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in the presence of tricalcium dicitrate (Ca3(C6H5O7)2) and mercury (II) acetate (Hg(CH3COO)2). The thermo-oxidative degradation of PVC was studied in the presence of these ternary stabilizer systems at 170, 180, 190 and 200°C in N2 atmosphere. The effects of metal carboxylate combination Ca/Hg in the absence and in the presence of epoxidized sunflower oil on static heat treatment of PVC have been studied. The formation of polyene sequences was investigated by UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy and by comparing viscosity data obtained in the presence and in the absence of the additives. It was found that the additives retard the rate of degradation and reduce the extent of polymer chain scission associated with the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride). Synergistic effects were found when stabilizer was blended in 50:50 weight ratios with either. It was found that ESO exerted a stabilizing effect on the degradation of PVC. The activation energy for degraded PVC in absence of stabilizers was 38.6 kJ•mol–1 and in the presence of Ca/Hg and Ca/Hg/ESO were 53.3 and 64.7 kJ•mol–1 respectively. In order of compare the efficiency of the epoxidized sunflower oil with these metal soap stabilizers, thermal stabilities were evaluated on the basis of evolved hydrogen chloride determined by conductometry technique and degree of discoloration are discussed

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“…These investigations use citrates, benzoates and carboxylates as alternative plasticizers since they have very similar behavior to PVC flexible with phthalates [20]. In addition, there is an important development on natural plasticizers, with low toxicity and migration for the PVC plasticization [21].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized with Natural Fatty Acid Esters

Fenollar¹,

Sànchez-Nácher²,

Boronat³

et al. 2013

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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From an industrial point of view, the use of new nontoxic and biodegradable plasticizers coming from natural resources is an interesting alternative to traditional plasticizers based on phthalates. In this study, two types of epoxidized fatty acids esters (EFAE) with different molecular weight have been used in order to produce flexible PVC with low toxicity. Different amounts of EFAE 201 and 401 have been considered in this study. Mechanical and thermal properties have been determined and morphology of fracture surface has been studied by scanning electron microscopy.Keywords: polyvinyl chloride; natural plasticizer; mechanical properties; thermal properties, 3 1.-IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the environmental policies in the polymeric materials sector. This awareness has been presented by consumers, manufacturers and even legislators [1]. This has motivated important lines of work in the development and applications of polymeric materials which are environmentally friendly, low toxicity and easily recyclable [2]. Within this research field, a marked interest has been showed in the improving of the formulations of one of the most widely consumed thermoplastics worldwide as the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), more specifically, the flexible polyvinyl chloride [3,4]. The use of this thermoplastic is especially sensitive to environmental impact and toxicity problems, since it is widely used in sectors such as plastic toys, childcare, food, packaging, medicalpharmacological... It has to be considered that PVC is obtained from the addition of plasticizers to the vinyl polymer. Some additives and specially plasticizers normally suffer a migration phenomenon to the substances or elements that are in contact [5][6][7][8].So, the contact substances can suffer contamination, and in the worst cases, there is a risk of toxicity and there are health risks to the final consumer [9]. PVC traditional plasticizers based in phthalates are traditionally widely used by the plastic industry. Currently its use is being challenged due to the migration phenomenon, which results in toxicity problems [10,11]. In order to improve the consumer's health protection and safety, the relevant authorities have developed specific regulations regarding the use of phthalates as PVC plasticizers [12,13] Alternative plasticizers have been developed in order make more flexible the polyvinyl chloride. These plasticizers are characterized by low environmental impact, low migration and low toxicity in applications sensitive to this phenomenon, such as use in childcare items [16,17]. Plasticizers from natural products are a very interesting alternative as a replacement of phthalates traditionally used in the plastics industry.Interesting research works have been developed successfully for the applicability in the industry of plastic processing [18,19]. These investigations use citrates, benzoates and carboxylates as alternative plasticizers since they have very similar behavior to PVC flexible with phthalates [2...

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Stabilizing effect of epoxidized sunflower oil on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 94 publications

References 22 publications

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

The use of lipases as biocatalysts for the epoxidation of fatty acids and phenolic compounds

Stabilizing effect of epoxidized sunflower oil as a secondary stabilizer for Ca/Hg stabilized PVC

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Plasticized with Natural Fatty Acid Esters

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