Stabilizing lithium metal using ionic liquids for long-lived batteries

Basile, Andrew; Bhatt, Anand I.; O’Mullane, Anthony P.

doi:10.1038/ncomms11794

Cited by 393 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…15 As such, there have been an increasing number of reports comparing Li symmetric cell data. 3,12,16−18 However, a detailed understanding of Li–Li symmetric cells is lacking, due to the complex time-dependent interplay between morphology and electrochemistry occurring at both electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy

et al. 2016

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Enabling ultra-high energy density rechargeable Li batteries would have widespread impact on society. However the critical challenges of Li metal anodes (most notably cycle life and safety) remain unsolved. This is attributed to the evolution of Li metal morphology during cycling, which leads to dendrite growth and surface pitting. Herein, we present a comprehensive understanding of the voltage variations observed during Li metal cycling, which is directly correlated to morphology evolution through the use of operando video microscopy. A custom-designed visualization cell was developed to enable operando synchronized observation of Li metal electrode morphology and electrochemical behavior during cycling. A mechanistic understanding of the complex behavior of these electrodes is gained through correlation with continuum-scale modeling, which provides insight into the dominant surface kinetics. This work provides a detailed explanation of (1) when dendrite nucleation occurs, (2) how those dendrites evolve as a function of time, (3) when surface pitting occurs during Li electrodissolution, (4) kinetic parameters that dictate overpotential as the electrode morphology evolves, and (5) how this understanding can be applied to evaluate electrode performance in a variety of electrolytes. The results provide detailed insight into the interplay between morphology and the dominant electrochemical processes occurring on the Li electrode surface through an improved understanding of changes in cell voltage, which represents a powerful new platform for analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy

et al. 2016

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“…However, a recent study has shown that pre-treatment of the Li metal in ionic liquids containing an appropriate lithium salt can effectively supress the formation of the Li metal dendrite during charge-discharge cycling. 321 Typical results from this study are presented in Fig. 35 which plots the discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency of several "Li(─)|Li-salt + ionic liquid|LiFePO4(+)" cells against the charge-discharge cycle number at a rate of 1 C. The low viscosity ionic liquid used in the cell was N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, [C3mPyr + ][FSI ─ ].…”

Section: Ionic Liquid Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Xia

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

233

116

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A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Journal NameThis journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 20xxJ. Name., 2013, 00, 1-3 | 1 Electrolyte is a key component of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and its properties greatly affect the energy capacity, rate performance, cyclability and safety of all EES devices. This article offers a critical review of recent progresses and challenges in electrolyte research and development particularly for supercapacitors and supercapatteries, recharegable batteries (such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries), and redox flow batteries (including fuel cells in a broad sense). The review will focus on liquid electrolytes, particularly aqueous and organic electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Influences of electrolyte properties on the performances of different EES devices are discussed in detail.

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“…Tremendous attempts have been tried to mitigate uncontrolled lithium dendrites, mainly including: (i) improving the interface properties between electrode and electrolyte; (ii) constructing lithium‐based composites with 3D hosts. To improve the interface properties, various strategies are proposed and explored, including prefabricating artificial SEI films, precoating chemically inert protective layers, inducing additives in the electrolyte to amend SEI films, and even developing solid‐state electrolyte . Meanwhile, comparing to these attempts on stabilizing lithium anode surface, efforts on constructing lithium‐based composites with 3D hosts are superior on the reduction of local current density and bulk effect during cycling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient‐Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

Yang

Shi

et al. 2019

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Much attention is paid to metal lithium as a hopeful negative material for reversible batteries with a high specific capacity. Although applying 3D hosts can relieve the dendrite growth to some extent, gradient‐distributed lithium ion in 3D uniform hosts still induces uncontrolled lithium dendrites growth, especially at high lithium capacity and high current density. Herein, a 3D conductive carbon nanofiber framework with gradient‐distributed ZnO particles as nucleation seeds (G‐CNF) to regulate lithium deposition is proposed. Based on such a unique structure, the G‐CNF electrode exhibits a high average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.1% for 700 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2. Even at 5 mA cm−2, the G‐CNF electrode performs a stable cycling process and high CE of 96.0% for over 200 cycles. When the lithium‐deposited G‐CNF (G‐CNF‐Li) anode is applied in a full cell with a commercial LiFePO4 cathode, it exhibits a stable capacity of 115 mAh g−1 and high retention of 95.7% after 300 cycles. Through inducing the gradient‐distributed nucleation seeds to counter the existing Li‐ion concentration polarization, a uniform and stable lithium deposition process in the 3D host is achieved even under the condition of high current density.

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Stabilizing lithium metal using ionic liquids for long-lived batteries

Cited by 393 publications

References 49 publications

Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy

Dendrites and Pits: Untangling the Complex Behavior of Lithium Metal Anodes through Operando Video Microscopy

Electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage

Gradient‐Distributed Nucleation Seeds on Conductive Host for a Dendrite‐Free and High‐Rate Lithium Metal Anode

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