“…42 To capitalize on the intrinsic antibacterial activity of silver ions, several groups have worked to directly incorporate silver nanoparticles into their antibacterial coatings. 42,[63][64][65][66][67][73][74][75][81][82][83] These coatings have shown activity against both E. coli and S. aureus, 64,65 minimal cytotoxicity, 42 and promoted the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite. 66 Beyond these applications, silver nanoparticles have been incorporated into antibacterial coatings using -PEG-heparin-capped silver nanoparticles 75 -Cationic PEG polycarbonate diblock copolymers 77,78 -Cationic copolymers with QAS groups 79,80 Silver -Copper nanoparticles with metal oxides 88,89 poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid), 81 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm), 82 poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-poly(acrylic acid), 83 and hydroxyapatite.…”