Stable and magnetically reusable nanoporous magnetite micro/nanospheres for rapid extraction of carcinogenic contaminants from water

Abstract

Schematic shows the overall experimental details of hydrothermal process and formation of porous structures with magnetic separability test.

Biomass Derived Sheet-like Carbon/Palladium Nanocomposite: An Excellent Opportunity for Reduction of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium

“…Being a toxic valence state (+6) of metallic element chromium, Cr­(VI) is hazardous to human and animals, especially to respiratory system, kidneys, liver, skin, and eyes, leading to adverse effects on carcinogenic and potentially mutagenic damages even at trace concentrations . Unlike its nontoxic trivalent counterpart, Cr­(III), which is an essential element for humans, Cr­(VI) is a highly toxic element with excellent solubility and mobility, hence can easily be accumulated in human body through food chains. , As such, the world health organization (WHO) has put a strain on Cr­(VI) level to limit a maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of 0.05 mg L –1 in drinking water . While scientists in relevant fields have also engaged their research efforts in development, fabrication, and implementation of novel environmentally benign catalytic materials for reduction of Cr­(VI) to Cr­(III). − …”

Electric-Field-Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Cr(VI) under Sunlight of TiO2 Nanograss Mesh with Nondestructive Regeneration and Feasible Collection for Cr(III)

“…The former is very dangerous compared to the latter because of its high toxicity and extreme solubility and mobility. Cr­(VI) is carcinogenic and potentially mutagenic to human beings, − whereas Cr­(III) is less toxic and can be readily precipitated in neutral or alkaline solution . The preferred treatment of Cr pollutant is simultaneous detoxification of Cr­(VI) to Cr­(III) and adsorption of the latter from water. , Among different detoxifying treatments, semiconductor photocatalysis technology, making use of the clean, safe, and “free” solar energy, has received considerable attention in reducing Cr­(VI) to Cr­(III). , Nevertheless, previous studies focused mainly on semiconductor nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanocomplexes, and other disperse powders that require a complex and time-consuming separation process to remove photocatalysts from the wastewater .…”

Porous Fe3O4 Nanospheres with Controlled Porosity for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

“…Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is known for its magnetic, and electrochemical properties, in addition to its natural abundance, environmentally benign nature, and various nanostructure formations . Thus, it has attracted much attention for applications in water treatment, biomedical utilizations, drug delivery, catalysis, electronic devices, electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, and enzyme immobilization . Fe 3 O 4 can assume various morphologies, including microsphere, nanotube, nanowire, core‐shell nanosphere, urchin‐like, dendrite, flower‐like, and hollow, porous nanosphere formations .…”

“…Fe 3 O 4 can assume various morphologies, including microsphere, nanotube, nanowire, core‐shell nanosphere, urchin‐like, dendrite, flower‐like, and hollow, porous nanosphere formations . Recently, there has been increasing interest in porous magnetic nanospheres owing to their excellent properties, including magnetic condensation, low density, a large specific surface area, and good mechanical/thermal stability . Thus, porous Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres have been used in many scientific applications .…”

“…Recently, there has been increasing interest in porous magnetic nanospheres owing to their excellent properties, including magnetic condensation, low density, a large specific surface area, and good mechanical/thermal stability . Thus, porous Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres have been used in many scientific applications . Conventionally, soft/hard template‐assisted methods have been used to fabricate these porous structures; however, this approach involves template preparation, coating of the chosen material, and finally removal of the template to obtain the hollow porous morphologies.…”