Stable-isotope dilution measurement of zinc and lead in rat hippocampus and spinal cord

Frederickson, C.J.; Manton, W. I.; Frederickson, Mary H.; Howell, Gailyn A.; Mallory, Mark A.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)91188-x

Cited by 47 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…5, it can be observed that, in general, for zinc concentrations were higher in the hippocampus than, in the other brain structures. Our results are in good agreement with those reported by Frederickson et al 30 They showed, using a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry method, that zinc is more abundant in the hippocampus than in the spinal cord; however, preliminary data in human CNS tissue indicate that the zinc content for hippocampus is only slightly higher than in other regions. 30 Our results are also in good agreement with those reported by Takeda et al, who also determined, using high-resolution autoradiography, that Zn was concentrated in many regions, such as the hippocampal formation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Topographic Trace-Elemental Analysis in the Brain of Wistar Rats by X-ray Microfluorescence with Synchrotron Radiation

et al. 2008

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Knowledge about the spatial distribution and the local concentration of trace elements in tissues is of great importance, since trace elements are involved in many biological functions of living organisms. However, there are few methods available to measure the spatial (two (three)-dimensional) elemental distribution in animal brain. X-ray microfluorescence with synchrotron radiation is a multielemental mapping technique, which was used in this work to determine the topographic of iron, zinc and copper in coronal sections of female Wistar rats of different ages. Young (14 days old) and middle-aged (20 months old) rats (n = 8) were analyzed. The measurements were carried out at the XRF beam line at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). Two-dimensional scanning was performed in order to study the tendency of elemental concentration variation. The acquisition time for each pixel was 10 s/step and the step size was 300 mm/step in both directions. It was observed that the iron distribution was more conspicuous in the cortical area, thalamus and bellow the thalamus. On the other hand, the zinc distribution was more pronounced in the hippocampus. The iron, copper and zinc levels increased with advancing age. Therefore, this study reinforces the idea that these elements are involved in the chemical mechanisms of the brain that induce some neurological diseases, since they are also present in high levels in specific areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus and the substantia nigra of patients with these disorders.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Topographic Trace-Elemental Analysis in the Brain of Wistar Rats by X-ray Microfluorescence with Synchrotron Radiation

et al. 2008

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“…It is well known that the staining intensity using the Timm method does not correlate with the total amount of zinc in the organs [9,10,12,30]. How ever, it does correlate with the amount of chelatable zinc as especially the mossy fibers of the hippocampus stain heav ier than the pituitary, and the amount of chelatable zinc in these fibers has been estimated to account for 10% of the total of hippocampal zinc [ 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in the Anterior Pituitary of Rat: A Histochemical and Analytical Work

Thorlacius‐Ussing¹

1987

Neuroendocrinology

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Recent studies have suggested zinc to be a possible modulator of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary. The three aims of the present study were: (1) to estimate the total amount of zinc in the gland by instrumental analysis; (2) to visualize the zinc at light and electron microscopical levels, and (3) to estimate the amount of zinc that can be visualized by histochemical techniques. PIXE measurement showed the total amount of zinc to be 74 ng/mg dry weight in males and 100 ng/mg dry weight in females, which is a highly significant difference. Histochemically, the zinc was shown by a modified Timm method and the selenium method to be localized to the secretory granules, and to a smaller extent to the Golgi apparatus of the somatotrophs, corticotrophs and thyrotrophs. Chelation of tissue zinc by intravital dithizone treatment effectively blocked subsequent selenium and Timm staining in the secretory granules, and PIXE assays of the chelated metal (extracted into CCU) showed it constitued less than 5% of the total zinc in the tissue. It is concluded from the study that zinc is present in the anterior pituitary of rats in rather high amounts and that loosely bound zinc, which is suggested to exert a biological effect by itself, can be located to the parts of the cells responsible for production, storing and release of hormones.

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“…Injurious stimuli promote the N-terminal proteolytic cleavage of BCL-xL to form the killer protein ⌬N-BCL-xL (Cheng et al, 1997), which induces large conductance channels in mitochondrial outer membranes (Jonas et al, 2004 and cytochrome c release (Clem et al, 1998;Fujita et al, 1998). Zn 2ϩ is normally abundant in hippocampus (Frederickson et al, 1982;Assaf and Chung, 1984;Frederickson and Danscher, 1990;Tonder et al, 1990;Danscher et al, 1997;Li et al, 2001) (but see Kay, 2003) and at high concentrations is a mediator of neuronal death (Koh et al, 1996;Choi and Koh, 1998;Weiss and Sensi, 2000;Bossy-Wetzel et al, 2004;Sensi and Jeng, 2004;Zukin et al, 2004). Global ischemia elicits a delayed rise in Zn 2ϩ in CA1 neurons before death (Koh et al, 1996;Choi and Koh, 1998;Calderone et al, 2004); evidence suggests that Zn 2ϩ enters through GluR2 (glutamate receptor subunit 2)-lacking AMPA receptors (Sensi et al, 1999;Yin et al, 2002) and is released from intracellular stores (Aizenman et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2000;Sensi et al, 2003a;Bossy-Wetzel et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc-Dependent Multi-Conductance Channel Activity in Mitochondria Isolated from Ischemic Brain

Bonanni

Chachar

Jover‐Mengual

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience

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Stable-isotope dilution measurement of zinc and lead in rat hippocampus and spinal cord

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Topographic Trace-Elemental Analysis in the Brain of Wistar Rats by X-ray Microfluorescence with Synchrotron Radiation

Topographic Trace-Elemental Analysis in the Brain of Wistar Rats by X-ray Microfluorescence with Synchrotron Radiation

Zinc in the Anterior Pituitary of Rat: A Histochemical and Analytical Work

Zinc-Dependent Multi-Conductance Channel Activity in Mitochondria Isolated from Ischemic Brain

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