Stable isotope fingerprint of open-water evaporation losses and effective drainage area fluctuations in a subarctic shield watershed

Gibson, J. J.; Reid, Robert O.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.11.036

Cited by 96 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The mean E/I ratios ranged from 0.20 to 0.51 in samples taken from different locations on the lake, which are consistent with relatively high evaporation rates relative to inflow in lakes [41]. Although the E/I values vary between δ 2 H and δ 18 O, they were linearly correlated with one another (with an R 2 value of 0.72), and differences between E/I values calculated with δ 2 H and δ 18 O are common studies on evaporative loss [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In general, the values calculated using δ 18 O (in this case, ranging between 0.20 and 0.33; Table 3) are considered more reliable than those calculated using δ 2 H [40,41], and are used below.…”

Section: Evaporative Loss Calculations and Their Uncertaintysupporting

confidence: 55%

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Understanding the Role of Groundwater in a Remote Transboundary Lake (Hulun Lake, China)

Gao

Ryan

et al. 2017

Water

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Hulun Lake, located in a remote, semi-arid area in the northeast part of Inner Mongolia, China, shares a transboundary basin with Mongolia and supports a unique wetland ecosystem that includes many endangered species. Decadal scale decreases in the lake stage and increased salinity make an understanding of the lake's water and salt sources critical for appropriate design of strategies to protect and manage the lake. Multiple tracers (chloride, and δ 18 O and δ 2 H in water) in samples collected from lake water, rivers, and nearby water wells were used in conjunction with an annual water balance based on historic data to better understand the lake's major water and salt sources. The average annual water balance was conducted for two time periods : 1981-2000 and 2001-2013. The contribution of river discharge to the annual lake input decreased by half (from 64% to 31%) between the two time periods, while the volumetric contribution of groundwater discharge increased four-fold (from about 11% to about 50% of the total lake input). Significant evaporation was apparent in the stable isotope composition of the present-day lake water, however, evaporation alone could not account for the high lake water chloride concentrations. Limited domestic well water sampling, a regional salinity survey, and saline soils suggest that high chloride groundwater concentrations exist in the region south of the lake. The chloride mass balance suggested that groundwater currently contributes more than 90% of the annual chloride loading to the lake, which is likely four times greater than the earlier period (1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) with lower groundwater input. The use of water and chloride mass balances combined with water isotope analyses could be applied to other watersheds where hydrologic information is scarce.

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Section: Evaporative Loss Calculations and Their Uncertaintysupporting

confidence: 55%

“…In Equations (4) and (6), ε is a "total isotope fractionation factor, equal to the sum of the equilibrium isotope fractionation factor (ε + ) and the kinetic isotope fractionation factor (ε k )" [39]:…”

Section: Estimation Of Evaporative Loss Based On the Stable Isotope Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Role of Groundwater in a Remote Transboundary Lake (Hulun Lake, China)

Gao

Ryan

et al. 2017

Water

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“…When interpreting isotopic signatures, however, it is also important to consider influences that may modify the isotopic composition of ingestion waters prior to their consumption by animals. These include changing seasonality of rainfall (Rozanski et al, 1993), and the evaporative enrichment of surface and leaf waters, which is primarily controlled by ambient aridity rather than ambient temperature (Dongmann et al, 1974;Gibson and Reid, 2010). Surface waters c.7‰ higher in δ 18 O are known from cold arid environments (Gibson and Reid, 2010), while enrichment of leaf waters can be much greater, elevating δ 18 O by over 20‰ relative to surface water in some instances (Dongmann et al, 1974).…”

Section: Proxymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Pryor¹,

O’Connell²,

Wojtal³

et al. 2013

Quaternary International

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Between 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when humans were occupying northern Europe in relation to these climatic changes at the archaeological site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), by applying oxygen isotope analysis of mammoth tooth enamel carbonates (δ18O and δ13C) found at the site. The new isotopic data suggest that mean annual temperatures at Kraków Spadzista were 4-9oC colder than present and, based on comparisons with previously published isotopic data for mammoth in Europe, we argue that the Kraków assemblage most likely formed during a cold Dansgaard-Oeschger event. This suggests modern humans were able to occupy and survive in this area of northern Europe during the harsh cold phases that affected Europe at this time. ABSTRACTBetween 50,000 and 20,000 years ago, Europe experienced a series of rapid climate change events known as the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, which may have made areas of northern Europe more attractive for occupation by early modern humans at certain times than at others. This paper investigates when humans were occupying northern Europe in relation to these climatic changes at the archaeological site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), by applying oxygen isotope analysis of mammoth tooth enamel carbonates (δ 18 O and δ 13 C) found at the site. The new isotopic data suggest that mean annual temperatures at Kraków Spadzista were 4-9 o C colder than present and, based on comparisons with previously published isotopic data for mammoth in Europe, we argue that the Kraków assemblage most likely formed during a cold DansgaardOeschger event. This suggests modern humans were able to occupy and survive in this area of northern Europe during the harsh cold phases that affected Europe at this time.

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“…As such, these findings can be used to place ecological changes in other lakes proximate to Giant Mine, as well as other mining-impacted regions globally, in the context of an ecosystem highly impacted by metal(loid) exposure. ), approximately 4 km north of the city of Yellowknife [33,34]. The small (less than 5 ha) catchment of Pocket Lake includes an exposed bedrock upland and a soil-filled valley to the south that drains the exposed outcrop into Pocket Lake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-trophic level response to extreme metal contamination from gold mining in a subarctic lake

et al. 2016

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Giant Mine, located in the city of Yellowknife (Northwest Territories, Canada), is a dramatic example of subarctic legacy contamination from mining activities, with remediation costs projected to exceed $1 billion. Operational between 1948 and 2004, gold extraction at Giant Mine released large quantities of arsenic and metals from the roasting of arsenopyrite ore. We examined the long-term ecological effects of roaster emissions on Pocket Lake, a small lake at the edge of the Giant Mine lease boundary, using a spectrum of palaeoenvironmental approaches. A dated sedimentary profile tracked striking increases (approx. 1700%) in arsenic concentrations coeval with the initiation of Giant Mine operations. Large increases in mercury, antimony and lead also occurred. Synchronous changes in biological indicator assemblages from multiple aquatic trophic levels, in both benthic and pelagic habitats, indicate dramatic ecological responses to extreme metal(loid) contamination. At the peak of contamination, all Cladocera, a keystone group of primary consumers, as well as all planktonic diatoms, were functionally lost from the sediment record. No biological recovery has been inferred, despite the fact that the bulk of metal(loid) emissions occurred more than 50 years ago, and the cessation of all ore-roasting activities in Yellowknife in 1999.

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Stable isotope fingerprint of open-water evaporation losses and effective drainage area fluctuations in a subarctic shield watershed

Cited by 96 publications

References 24 publications

Understanding the Role of Groundwater in a Remote Transboundary Lake (Hulun Lake, China)

Understanding the Role of Groundwater in a Remote Transboundary Lake (Hulun Lake, China)

Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes

Multi-trophic level response to extreme metal contamination from gold mining in a subarctic lake

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