Stable isotopes of lead and strontium as tracers of sources of airborne particulate matter in Kyrgyzstan

Dewan, Nitika; Majestic, Brian J.; Ketterer, Michael E.; Miller-Schulze, Justin P.; Shafer, Martin M.; Schauer, James J.; Solomon, Paul A.; Artamonova, Maria; Chen, Boris B.; Imashev, Sanjar; Carmichael, G. R.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.017

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Questions have arisen whether dust emitted from the dried Aral Sea basin would deposit in the Tien Shan and Pamirs34. Since elemental ratios in our samples are very different from ratios expected for Aral Sea mineral dust35, however, contributions from this regions are likely to be very small (SM Sec. 3.2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon

Schmale

Flanner

Kang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a−1) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon

Schmale

Flanner

Kang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The samples were also analyzed for 50 elemental components by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICPMS) at the University of Wisconsin at Madison using methods described by Dewana et al 7 In addition, the samples were analyzed for total carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen by ASTM method D5373-08 by ALS Envionmental (Tucson, AZ). Aliqouts of the samples were collected on quartz filters and analyzed for organic, carbonate, and elemental carbon before and after acidification using NIOSH method 5040.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Reductions in Solar Energy Production Due to Dust and Particulate Air Pollution

Bergin

Ghoroi

Dixit

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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198

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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has the potential to diminish solar energy production by direct and indirect radiative forcing as well as by being deposited on solar panel surfaces, thereby reducing solar energy transmittance to photovoltaics. Worldwide solar energy production is expected to increase more rapidly than any other energy source into the middle of this century, especially in regions that experience high levels of dust and/or anthropogenic particulate pollutants, including large areas of India, China, and the Arabian Peninsula. Here we combine field measurements and global modeling to estimate the influence of dust and PM related to anthropogenic sources (e.g., fossil and biomass fuel combustion) on solar electricity generation. Results indicate that solar energy production is currently reduced by ∼17–25% across these regions, with roughly equal contributions from ambient PM and PM deposited on photovoltaic surfaces. Reductions due to dust and anthropogenic PM are comparable in northern India, whereas over eastern China, anthropogenic PM dominates. On the basis of current solar generation capacity, PM is responsible for ∼1 and ∼11 GW of solar power reduction in India and China, respectively, underscoring the large role that PM plays in reducing solar power generation output.

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“…The Pb isotope ratios in the MSW incineration ashes obtained from various countries exhibited a significant difference because of differences in the proportion and sources of Pb in MSW components. For example, the 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratio of FA in Shanghai was lower than that in Japan (0.8645 ± 0.0025), , France (0.8669 ± 0.0027), and Switzerland (0.8687 ± 0.0008), , possibly due to originally derived Chinese source rocks, which have higher Th/U ( 206 Pb, 207 Pb, and 208 Pb are generated from the radioactive decay chain of 238 U, 235 U, and 232 Th, respectively) than those in other countries …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…On the basis of stable Pb isotope ratios, the sources of Pb in atmospheric particulate matter, sediments, solid waste, soils, etc. were investigated, − and the impacts of industrial emission, sediment contamination, etc. to the environment and human health were evaluated. − These studies indicated that the variation of stable isotopic composition during various processes is a decisive condition for the application of the stable isotope analysis method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Lead Isotopes To Assess Source and Migration of Lead during Thermal Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Influenced by Air Excess Ratio

Shao

Hua

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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The behavior of lead (Pb) during thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a serious environmental concern. The migration of Pb during pilot-scale thermal treatment of MSW with controlled air excess ratio (ER) was studied with a focus on Pb contents and isotope ratios analysis. Different ERs showed different Pb distribution behaviors in fly ash (FA) from MSW incineration, owing to the change of Pb migration from different MSW components. Although the Pb contents in FA under the oxidizing condition increased significantly with the increase of ER (almost 100% from ER = 1.0 to ER = 1.3), the major sources (i.e., papers and plastics) contributing Pb to FA were similar based on the Pb isotope identification. This suggested that the migration of Pb from these MSW components was promoted in a high oxygen environment. In contrast, the Pb contents in FA under the low oxygen condition (ER = 0.3−0.5) were similar, and rubbers became the major source of Pb in FA in the low oxygen environment instead of papers. In the low oxygen environment the migration of Pb in rubbers and papers was promoted and inhibited, respectively, as indicated by isotopic analysis combined with micro-X-ray fluorescence and diffraction analyses.

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Stable isotopes of lead and strontium as tracers of sources of airborne particulate matter in Kyrgyzstan

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon

Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon

Large Reductions in Solar Energy Production Due to Dust and Particulate Air Pollution

Using Lead Isotopes To Assess Source and Migration of Lead during Thermal Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste Influenced by Air Excess Ratio

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