Stable Large‐Area (10 × 10 cm²) Printable Mesoscopic Perovskite Module Exceeding 10% Efficiency

Abstract

The commercial manufacturing of perovskite solar modules (PSM) suffers from stability concerns and scalability issues. We demonstrate a hole‐conductor‐free printable solar module embodiment, which employs a triple layer of mesoporous TiO2/ZrO2/carbon as scaffold, and is infiltrated by a mixed cation lead halide perovskite (5‐AVA)x(MA)1−xPbI3 as a light harvester. Here, hole conductor or Au reflector are not employed, and instead, the back contact comprises simply a printed carbon layer. Upon optimizing the thickness alignment of the triple mesoscopic layer and the design of the active area, the unit cell shows 14.02% power conversion efficiency (PCE) under 100 mW cm−2 condition, while a larger area of 10 serially connected cells module (10 × 10 cm2), shows a 10.4% PCE on an active area of 49 cm2. Light‐soaking stability of 1000 h has been demonstrated, as well as local outdoor stability of 1 month and a shelf‐life stability of over 1 year. This paves the way for the realization of efficient and stable large‐area PSMs for industrial deployment.

Bifunctional Al2O3 Interlayer Leads to Enhanced Open‐Circuit Voltage for Hole‐Conductor‐Free Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…J–V curves of C‐PSCs based on various architectures were taken, as shown in Figure C. Without spacer layer, the C‐PSC (TiO 2 /C) shows the lowest V oc due to the strong recombination at perovskite/C interface, which reveals the critical role of spacer in hole‐conductor‐free C‐PSCs . After the adoption of 1 μm ZrO 2 spacer, the V oc increased from 600 to 835 mV, due to the retarded recombination at perovskite/CE interface.…”

Exploring Red, Green, and Blue Light‐Activated Degradation of Perovskite Films and Solar Cells for Near Space Applications

“…Despite the high device efficiency, solution process at a low cost, and potential for large‐scale manufacturing, the stability of the perovskite solar cells is one major challenge that impedes commercialization . Several factors that affect the stability of hybrid perovskites have been systematically investigated, such as humidity, oxygen, heat, and irradiation .…”

Highly Efficient and Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells With Large‐Scale Manufacture of E‐Beam Evaporated SnO2 Toward Commercialization

“…Im et al presented a 100 cm 2 solar module with a PCE of 12.9% . Han et al fabricated a large‐area (10 × 10 cm 2 ) printable mesoscopic perovskite module exceeding 10% efficiency . These excellent works show great potential of PSCs for commercial application.…”