Stacking of discontinuous regional palaeoclimate records: Chironomid-based summer temperatures from the Alpine region

Heiri, Oliver; Ilyashuk, Boris P.; Millet, Laurent; Samartin, Stéphanie; Lotter, André F.

doi:10.1177/0959683614556382

Cited by 71 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…showed strong negative relationships with T Jul (F = 16.9; edf = 1.19) and OM content (F = 15.8; edf = 1.54), explaining 71% of the d 13 C HC variability (Figure 3). The grey surface displays the standard error of the temperature inference Past temperature change in EuropeComparable patterns of air temperature changes for the two studied areas have been reported for the Holocene(Figure 2,Heiri et al, 2015;Holmstr€ om, Ilvonen, Sepp€ a, & Veski, 2015;Belle, Poska, et al, 2017). However, the distribution of reconstructed air temperature values suggested that the coldest temperatures were likely under-sampled in our study (Age (kyr cal BP) T Jul (°C) OM (% of DW) CD (U g -1 of OM) TC (mg g -1 of OM) δ 13 C HC (‰)F I G U R E 2 The temporal dynamic of mean air temperature reconstruction (chironomid-inferred temperature of July, T Jul expressed in°C;Heiri et al, 2015), organic matter content (OM; %), sedimentary pigments (chlorophyll derivatives (CD) and total carotenoids (TC), expressed U/g of OM and in mg/g of OM, respectively) and carbon stable isotopic composition of chironomid remains (d 13 C HC ; &) of Lake Colbricon.…”

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confidence: 67%

“…However, the distribution of reconstructed air temperature values suggested that the coldest temperatures were likely under-sampled in our study (Age (kyr cal BP) T Jul (°C) OM (% of DW) CD (U g -1 of OM) TC (mg g -1 of OM) δ 13 C HC (‰)F I G U R E 2 The temporal dynamic of mean air temperature reconstruction (chironomid-inferred temperature of July, T Jul expressed in°C;Heiri et al, 2015), organic matter content (OM; %), sedimentary pigments (chlorophyll derivatives (CD) and total carotenoids (TC), expressed U/g of OM and in mg/g of OM, respectively) and carbon stable isotopic composition of chironomid remains (d 13 C HC ; &) of Lake Colbricon. Combined, d 13 C HC values from Lake Colbricon and Lake Tollari were negatively correlated with reconstructed air temperature (F = 57.1; edf = 1.51; Figure 4), explaining 48.5% of the d 13 C HC variability, with no significant differences in slopes and intersects of the two lakes (p-value > .3).…”

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confidence: 85%

“…Mean July air temperature (T Jul ) over the Holocene period in Lake Colbricon area was assumed to match with the climate reconstruction based on chironomid assemblage records provided by Heiri, Ilyashuk, Millet, Samartin, and Lotter (2015).…”

Section: Study Site and Climate Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term effects of climate change on carbon flows through benthic secondary production in small lakes

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A palaeolimnological study, covering the last c. 12,000 years, was conducted in a small subalpine lake located in the Alps to study climate change impacts on carbon flows through food webs in small lakes. We used analysis of sedimentary pigments and carbon stable isotopic composition of chironomid remains (δ13CHC) to reconstruct past dynamics of phytoplankton community and carbon sources sustaining benthic consumers. Chironomid biomass was sustained by a combination of allochthonous, autochthonous and CH4‐derived organic matters, and their relative contributions were correlated to changes in temperature. Relatively high terrestrial contributions to chironomid biomass were observed during period of the Holocene when in‐lake production was low. Relatively high incorporation of CH4‐derived carbon to chironomid biomass was found during anoxic events co‐occurring with the Holocene thermal maximum. Results were then compared with those collected in a small boreal lake in Estonia. We tested the hypothesis that responses in carbon flows through benthic food web to past climate change would be similar between these lakes. We found a negative correlation between δ13CHC values of both lakes and inferred air temperature, suggesting that temperature was the major driver to different food sources being incorporated into chironomid biomass. Our study demonstrated that air temperature was the principal driver of the energy flows through benthic food web in the studied small lakes. We conjectured that carbon cycling in food webs of small lakes might be strongly sensitive to climate change.

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Long‐term effects of climate change on carbon flows through benthic secondary production in small lakes

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“…The altitudinal position of Lake Miroir is shown with a horizontal dashed line. (b) Mean July‐air temperature scenarios for the LGM to present estimated for the altitude of Lake Miroir using two chironomid‐based temperature reconstructions from the Alpine region (Lago della Costa, Samartin et al ., ; Lago di Origlio, Samartin et al ., ), and a chironomid‐inferred stacked Alpine temperature record representing temperature in the northern and central Swiss Alps (Heiri et al ., ). Temperatures were corrected assuming a constant modern temperature lapse rate of 6°C km −1 (Livingstone & Lotter, ).…”

Section: Comment On Carcaillet and Blarquez () ‘Fire Ecology Of A Tree mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions

et al. 2018

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Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions Comment on Carcaillet & Blarquez (2017) 'Fire ecology of a tree glacial refugium on a nunatak with a view on Alpine glaciers'.The questions as to where and how trees survived the Quaternary ice ages are key for understanding climate-driven range expansion processes (Clark, 1998;Giesecke et al., 2017) and the influence of ice-age legacies on current mid-and high-latitude biodiversity patterns (Willis & Whittaker, 2000). Such questions have long intrigued plant ecologists, biogeographers and palaeoecologists (Bennett et al., 1991;Kaltenrieder et al., 2009) and have recently become the focus of combined molecular-ecological and biogeographical studies (Magri et al., 2006;Wagner et al., 2015).The classic southern-refugia paradigm (van der Hammen et al., 1971;Tzedakis et al., 2013) postulates treeless landscapes in central Europe and at the margins of the continental and Alpine ice-sheets for the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; c. 23 000-19 000 calendar years before present (cal yr BP, where 0 cal yr BP = AD 1950), that is, the interval representing the most extreme conditions of the Last Glacial). Widespread cold-adapted alpine and arctic plants and boreal dwarf shrubs are documented to have occurred north of the Alps (Birks & Willis, 2008;Tzedakis et al., 2013), while small populations of temperate and boreal trees persisted in southern European peninsulas (Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans) (Bennett et al., 1991). Boreal and mountain conifers (e.g. Larix decidua Mill. and Pinus cembra L.) occurred at more northerly locations (up to c. 46°N) in eastern Europe, and grew closer to the southern margin of the Alpine and Carpathian ice-caps than temperate trees Vescovi et al., 2007;Kune s et al., 2008). This view has been challenged by the alternative interpretation that temperate plant species could have survived the LGM further north in locally favourable conditions as small populations that may be hard to detect with palaeoecological tools (e.g. Stewart & Lister, 2001;Heikkil€ a et al., 2009;V€ aliranta et al., 2011). Recently, Carcaillet & Blarquez (2017 presented evidence for the occurrence of an LGM 'tree refugium' located at c. 2200 m above sea level (asl) on a nunatak (a mountain top or peak emerging from or at the edge of an ice sheet or glacier) on the western flank of the European Alps. The reported presence of L. decidua and P. cembra plant macrofossils during the LGM in sediments from Lake Miroir, a site located close to modern treeline altitude (TLA), challenges the consensus on the LGM distributions of trees in

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“…Here, three papers are concerned with late-glacial and Holocene climate history, two of them using chironomidtemperature transfer functions. Heiri et al (2015) show how discontinuous chironomid-based summer temperature reconstructions from different sites in the Alpine region can be combined to produce a single continuous regional palaeotemperature reconstruction for the region. They present a methodology for combining records that includes an altitudinal temperature correction, a procedure to interpolate individual records to equal time intervals, a procedure to stack records that covers the same time interval and a splicing procedure to combine the stacked records.…”

Section: Climate Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

John Birks: Pioneer in quantitative palaeoecology

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Bennett³

et al. 2014

The Holocene

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We describe the career of John Birks as a pioneering scientist who has, over a career spanning five decades, transformed palaeoecology from a largely descriptive to a rigorous quantitative science relevant to contemporary questions in ecology and environmental change. We review his influence on students and colleagues not only at Cambridge and Bergen Universities, his places of primary employment, but also on individuals and research groups in Europe and North America. We also introduce the collection of papers that we have assembled in his honour. The papers are written by his former students and close colleagues and span many of the areas of palaeoecology to which John himself has made major contributions. These include the relationship between ecology and palaeoecology, late-glacial and Holocene palaeoecology, ecological succession, climate change and vegetation history, the role of palaeoecological techniques in reconstructing and understanding the impact of human activity on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and numerical analysis of multivariate palaeoecological data.

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Stacking of discontinuous regional palaeoclimate records: Chironomid-based summer temperatures from the Alpine region

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Long‐term effects of climate change on carbon flows through benthic secondary production in small lakes

Long‐term effects of climate change on carbon flows through benthic secondary production in small lakes

Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions

John Birks: Pioneer in quantitative palaeoecology

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