Stadium attendance demand during the COVID-19 crisis: early empirical evidence from Belarus

Reade, J. James; Schreyer, Dominik; Singleton, Carl

doi:10.1080/13504851.2020.1830933

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Being aware of a limitation that the two samples differ to an extent (the Iranian respondents were younger and more frequently athletes and/or students), this study showed that most respondents will attend sporting events in their home countries within few weeks after all restrictions on movement and sporting event attendance will be lifted. This is in line with the study of spectators in Belarus Premier League during the COVID-19 crisis (Reade, Schreyer, & Singleton, 2020) and provides a breath of optimism for the event and sports tourism markets, which was considered to be one of the hardest hit tourism subsectors (Gössling, et al, 2020). Still, this does not mean that organisations' existing business models will stay the same; many will have to adapt and innovate focusing on new strategies to generate revenue such as ticketing strategies, digitalisation strategies, and media involvement (PwC's Sports Survey, 2020;.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Getting back to the event: COVID-19, attendance and perceived importance of protective measures

Perić
¹
,

Wise
²
,

Heydari
³

et al. 2021

Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)

15
0
11
0

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Current COVID-19 realities impose additional challenges to sporting event organisers who now have to consider and include new protective measures for the safety and security of both active and passive participants. This study focuses on event consumers and issues related to their intention to attend future sporting events and their perception of how important they find some of the safety-related protective measures when attending sporting events following the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the empirical study of residents from one Middle East and two European countries, the results suggest that, once all restrictions on movement and sporting event attendance is allowed to resume, most of the respondents will attend events in their home country within few weeks. In addition, the respondents from a country that experienced more severe consequences of the pandemic perceive all protective measures as more important than respondents from countries that were less affected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 89%

Getting back to the event: COVID-19, attendance and perceived importance of protective measures
Perić
¹
,
Wise
²
,
Heydari
³

et al. 2021
Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)
15
0
11
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some leagues, primarily smaller European leagues such as the Danish Superliga, the Swiss Super League, and the Russian Premier League, eventually returned with some fans in attendance (e.g., Cueva, 2020). Only a few football leagues worldwide, most prominently the Belarussian Premier League (Reade et al, 2020a), kept playing throughout this first wave.…”

Section: Closed Doors Football After Covid-19 Home Advantage and Refmentioning
confidence: 99%

Eliminating Supportive Crowds Reduces Referee Bias
Reade
¹
,
Schreyer
²
,
Singleton
³

2020
SSRN Journal
Self Cite
22
1
26
2
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We use a series of historical natural experiments in association football (soccer) to test whether social pressure affected behaviour and outcomes. We observe how the normal advantage for the home team of playing in their own stadium was eroded behind closed doors, with no supporters. After designing a three-step sample selection and regression strategy, to get as close as possible to a causal interpretation, the standout effect of an empty stadium was that referees cautioned visiting players significantly less often, by over a third of a yellow card per match or once for every twenty-two fouls. Closed doors matches were different because referees favoured the home team less in their decision making. These results add to the literature describing how home advantage in sports decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic, though many other factors changed at that time besides the emptying stadiums.

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“…Furthermore, there is the commonly known circumstance that supporters are considered as the "12th man" who influence the outcome of the game in favor of their team (Edensor 2015 ), making ghost games especially intriguing for socio-economic and psychological analysis. Indeed, analyses of football matches played behind closed doors in the pre-COVID-19 era evidenced the impact of the fans on referee decisions (Pettersson-Lidbom and Priks 2010 ; Reade et al 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning
confidence: 99%

The cauldron has cooled down: a systematic literature review on home advantage in football during the COVID-19 pandemic from a socio-economic and psychological perspective
Leitner
¹
,
Daumann
²
,
Follert
³

et al. 2022
Manag Rev Q
30
0
14
0
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The phenomenon of home advantage (home bias) is well-analyzed in the scientific literature. But only the COVID-19 pandemic enabled studies on this phenomenon—for the first time in history—on a global scale. Thus, several studies to date examined the effects of empty stadiums by comparing regular matches (with supporters) before the COVID-19 restrictions with so-called ghost games (games without supporters) during the pandemic. To synthesize the existing knowledge and offer an overview regarding the effects of ghost games on home advantage we provide a systematic literature review on this topic. Our findings—based on 26 primary studies—indicate that ghost games have a considerable impact on the phenomenon of home advantage. Deeper analysis further indicates that this effect is based on a reduced “referee bias” and a lack of “emotional support from the ranks”. From a psychological perspective, we argue that our conclusions are highly relevant by emphasizing decision making under pressure and crowd-induced motivation in sports. From a socio-economic perspective, we argue that our findings legitimize a discussion regarding compensation of fans after sporting success as plausible and worth considering. Thus, our results are significant for scientists, sports and team managers, media executives, fan representatives and other persons responsible in the football industry.

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Stadium attendance demand during the COVID-19 crisis: early empirical evidence from Belarus

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

Getting back to the event: COVID-19, attendance and perceived importance of protective measures

Getting back to the event: COVID-19, attendance and perceived importance of protective measures

Eliminating Supportive Crowds Reduces Referee Bias

The cauldron has cooled down: a systematic literature review on home advantage in football during the COVID-19 pandemic from a socio-economic and psychological perspective

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