Stage of Taxon Cycle, Habitat Distribution, and Population Density in the Avifauna of the West Indies

Ricklefs, Robert E.; Cox, George W.

doi:10.1086/283329

Cited by 114 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…First, most islands harbor relatively few species of birds compared to continental areas with similar environments. Thus, at present, habitats in the Lesser Antilles are relatively less "saturated" ecologically (Ricklefs and Cox 1978;Cox and Ricklefs 1977;Terborgh et al 1978;Terborgh and Faaborg 1980;Travis and Ricklefs 1983) and morphologically (Travis and Ricklefs 1983) than in continental regions, possibly leaving room for increased diversity. Historical analysis of colonization times suggests that the avifauna of the Lesser Antilles is well below an archipelago-wide equilibrium number of species .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Gaps in the distributions of several species (Bond 1956;Ricklefs and Cox 1972) further suggest that individuals of some species move between islands too infrequently to recolonize islands left unoccupied following extinction, let alone to prevent genetic differentiation. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of birds in the Lesser Antilles (Seutin et al 1993(Seutin et al , 1994Lovette et al 1998Lovette et al , 1999aLovette et al , 1999bRicklefs andBermingham 1999, 2001;Hunt et al 2001) show that genetic divergence between allopatric populations is common, especially for endemic Antillean taxa.…”

Section: The Frequency Of Evolutionary Radiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, gaps in the distribution of older taxa indicate that extinction may be a significant process in the Lesser Antilles (Ricklefs and Cox 1972;Ricklefs and Bermingham 1999). Gaps occur mostly in species with interisland genetic divergences exceeding 2%.…”

Section: Step 2: Persistence Of Island Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Causes of Evolutionary Radiations in Archipelagoes: Passerine Birds in the Lesser Antilles

Ricklefs

Bermingham

2007

The American Naturalist

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TO investigate why some lineages undergo evolutionary radiation, we compare the passerine avifaunas of the Hawaiian and Galapagos archipelagoes, which have supported well-known radiations of birds, with those of the Lesser Antilles, which have not. We focus on four steps required for the buildup of diversity through allopatric speciation and secondary sympatry: genetic divergence in isolation, persistence of island populations, recolonization of source islands, and ecological compatibility in secondary sympatry. Analysis of genetic divergence among island populations in the Lesser Antilles reveals evidence of both prolonged independent evolution and reexpansion of differentiated island populations through the archipelago but little evidence of secondary sympatry of divergent genetic lineages. Archipelagoes with high rates of colonization from continental or nearby large-island sources might fail to promote evolutionary radiations because colonists fill ecological space and constrain diversification through competition. However, morphological analysis demonstrated similar divergence between allopatric populations in species in Hawaii, Galapagos, and the Lesser Antilles, although the rate of divergence between secondarily sympatric species evidently is more rapid in Hawaii and the Galapagos. Alternatively, endemic buildup of diversity might be facilitated by the relative absence of pathogens in Hawaii and Galapagos that otherwise could prevent the secondary sympatry of populations owing to disease-mediated competition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: The Frequency Of Evolutionary Radiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Causes of Evolutionary Radiations in Archipelagoes: Passerine Birds in the Lesser Antilles

Ricklefs

Bermingham

2007

The American Naturalist

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“…As the Papuan landmass began to emerge, birds invaded the developing montane forest habitats, where their powers of dispersal began to diminish as they adapted to the closed environments. This scenario, in which old endemic populations on large islands become sedentary specialists of montane forest, characterizes many taxa [e.g., birds (13,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42), ants (43,44), butterflies (45)]. The core Corvoidean lineages that became restricted in this way to Papuan cloud forests include Aleadryas, Androphobus, Chaetorhynchus, Eulacestoma, Ifrita, Melampitta, Ornorectes, and Rhagologus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species "pumps," whether associated with taxon cycles in archipelagos (39,40) or biodiversity hotspots in continental areas (46), might be most productive at an early stage of radiation, when open ecological space places a selective premium on innovation and dispersal (47, 48). Number of lineages and number of endemic lineages that existed 25 Mya in Australia, New Guinea, and outside Australo-Papua (for details, see Tables S2 and S3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago

Jønsson

Fabre

Ricklefs

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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170

194

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A central paradigm in island biogeography has been the unidirectional "downstream" colonization of islands from continents (source to sink) based on the idea that less-diverse island communities are easier to invade than biologically more-diverse continental communities. Recently, several cases of "upstream" colonization (from islands to continents) have been documented, challenging the traditional view. However, all these cases have involved individual island species that have colonized mainland regions. Here, using molecular phylogenetic data, divergence time estimates, lineage diversity distributions, and ancestral area analyses, we reconstruct the spread of a species-rich (>700 species) passerine bird radiation (core Corvoidea) from its late Eocene/Oligocene origin in the emerging proto-Papuan archipelago north of Australia, including multiple colonizations from the archipelago to Southeast Asia. Thus, islands apparently provided the setting for the initiation of a major songbird radiation that subsequently invaded all other continents. Morphological and behavioral adaptations of the core Corvoidea as generalist feeders in open habitats, which facilitated dispersal and colonization, apparently evolved in the descendants of sedentary forest birds that invaded the proto-Papuan archipelago. The archipelago evidently provided islands of the right size, number, and proximity to continental areas to support the adaptation and diversification of vagile colonizers that went on to increase avian diversity on a global scale.Indo-Pacific | Passeriformes | community assembly | macroecology | range expansion

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Pattern and Process in Macroecology

2000

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Stage of Taxon Cycle, Habitat Distribution, and Population Density in the Avifauna of the West Indies

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

The Causes of Evolutionary Radiations in Archipelagoes: Passerine Birds in the Lesser Antilles

The Causes of Evolutionary Radiations in Archipelagoes: Passerine Birds in the Lesser Antilles

Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto-Papuan archipelago

Pattern and Process in Macroecology

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