Stage-specific control of grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by selective and broad-spectrum insecticides

Abstract

The insect growth regulators (IGRs) tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide and the broad-spectrum insecticides azinphosmethyl, carbaryl, and fenpropathrin were compared for their activity against adult, egg, and larval stages of the grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), under laboratory and vineyard conditions. Adult mortality was not affected by exposure to field-equivalent rates of tebufenozide or methoxyfenozide on grape clusters, whereas all the broad-spectrum compounds significantly reduced adult survival, compared with the untreated controls. Surviving adult moths laid significantly more eggs on berries treated with the IGRs than on berries treated with any of the broad-spectrum insecticides. Survival of these eggs through to late larval and pupal stages was significantly lower on methoxyfenozide-treated grapes than on untreated grapes, and no pupae were found when grapes were treated with azinphosmethyl or fenpropathrin. Neither of the growth regulator insecticides limited egg eclosion or larval development by E. viteana when insecticides were applied before egg laying, whereas broad-spectrum insecticides were effective against both eggs and neonates at this timing. When applied after egg eclosion, all insecticide treatments significantly reduced survival of grape berry moth larvae. Under vineyard conditions, berries with 1-d-old residues of tebufenozide or methoxyfenozide received more E. viteana eggs than berries treated with broad-spectrum compounds. After aging for 7 or 14 d, no significant effects on E. viteana survival were detected among treatments. Whereas broad-spectrum insecticides provide control of multiple life stages of E. viteana, integration of tebufenozide or methoxyfenozide into vineyard management programs for control of this pest will be most successful if applications are timed for egg hatch.

Characterization of an epsilon-class glutathione S-transferase involved in tolerance in the silkworm larvae after long term exposure to insecticides

“…Phoxim (organophosphate) and fenpropathrin (pyrethroid) are high effect, low poison, low leftover and broad-spectrum, and often used for agricultural pest management (Isaacs et al, 2005). Previous studies suggested that phoxim can induce oxidative stress and damages of silkworm larval midgut and silk gland after short-term exposure (Su et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014).…”

Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of grape berry moth (Lep., Tortricidae) to selected plant extracts

“…Paralobesia viteana is the target of a majority of the insecticides applied in vineyards in eastern North America. These insecticides are primarily broad‐spectrum toxicants with the more recent addition of reduced‐risk insecticides such as insect growth regulators and naturalytes (Isaacs et al. 2005).…”

“…Paralobesia viteana is the target of a majority of the insecticides applied in vineyards in eastern North America. These insecticides are primarily broad-spectrum toxicants with the more recent addition of reduced-risk insecticides such as insect growth regulators and naturalytes (Isaacs et al 2005). Current and anticipated restrictions on availability of broad-spectrum insecticides have increased the need for alternative approaches to pest control, based on new modes of action.…”

Blend Chemistry and Field Attraction of Commercial Sex Pheromone Lures to Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and a Nontarget Tortricid in Vineyards

“…Recent studies have shown that the sole dependence on vineyard growth stage timing may be inadequate for management of P. viteana because phenology varies among cultivars, years, and geographic location (Tobin et al 2001, Timer et al 2010. Further, use patterns of modern insecticides, such as insect growth regulators (IGRs), depend on the seasonality of P. viteana (Isaacs et al 2005, Teixeira et al 2009). Thus, there is a need for reliable tools for scouting and predicting P. viteana infestations in vineyards for pest management purposes.…”

“…Thus, there is a need for reliable tools for scouting and predicting P. viteana infestations in vineyards for pest management purposes. The use of sex pheromone traps, grape cluster evaluation, and accumulated degree-days can improve the timing of insecticide sprays (Isaacs et al 2005). In addition, reduced-spray programs may lead to reduced impact on natural enemies and greater levels of predation and parasitism of P. viteana (Williamson and Johnson 2005).…”