Stage-specific isoforms of Ascaris suum complex II: the fumarate reductase of the parasitic adult and the succinate dehydrogenase of free-living larvae share a common iron–sulfur subunit

Zinc is Involved in the Expression of a Nuclear-encoded Alternative Oxidase Gene in the YeastHansenula anomala

“…When cDNA was synthesized without RT, no band was observed, which indicates the absence of genomic DNA in the samples. As can be seen in theˆgure, the Ip gene of complex II was expressed constantly, as previously found in other organisms, 26) whereas AO gene expression greatly changed depending on the conditions. The expression was highly accelerated in the presence of AA3.…”

Development of a new air-stable structure-simplified nafuredin-γ analog as a potent and selective nematode complex I inhibitor

“…1,14 Analogs 4 and 5, possessing shorter side chains (n = 0 or 1) than nafuredin-γ (2) and air-stable nafuredin-γ analog 3, exhibited very low complex I inhibitory activities as compared with 3. Analog 6 with a longer side chain (n = 3) showed a moderate inhibitory activity and still lower than that of 3 (n = 2).…”

A Eukaryotic Copper-Containing Nitrite Reductase Derived from a NirK Homolog Gene ofAspergillus oryzae

“…The specific activity of the main peak was 10-fold higher than that of the minor peak, suggesting that AoNirK is a homotrimer in its native state, and that the denatured monomer (minor peak) exhibits much lower activity (data not shown). This seems plausible on the basis of the structures of bacterial NirKs, in which the third histidine ligand to the type 2 copper center is provided from the neighboring subunit in the trimeric structure, 1) and thus dissociation of the trimeric subunits into monomer should cause a serious defect in catalytic activity. The M r of AoNirK as estimated by SDS-PAGE was somewhat larger than expected (41,300).…”

“…Anaerobic ATP-synthetic systems in mitochondria have been found in several eukaryotes, including nitrate respiration in protozoa, 34) denitrification by fungi 5,6) and rhizaria (unicellular eukaryote), 35) fumarate respiration in parasites, 1) and fermentation due to pyruvate formatelyase in algae. 36) Since the mitochondrion is defined in textbooks as ''an organelle of eukaryotes for aerobic respiration,'' the origin of these anaerobic mitochondrial ATP-producing systems deserves attention.…”

“…1,2) It plays an important role in maintaining global homeostasis as the reverse reaction of nitrogen fixation. The full denitrification process is comprised of four reducing steps (NO 3 À !…”