Staged implant placement after defect regeneration using biphasic calcium phosphate materials with different surface topographies in a minipig model

Abstract

Objective To assess the influence of biphasic calcium phosphate materials with different surface topographies on bone formation and osseointegration of titanium implants in standardized alveolar ridge defects. Materials and methods Standardized alveolar ridge defects (6 × 6 mm) were created in the mandible of 8 minipigs and filled with three biphasic calcium phosphate materials (BCP1-3, 90% tricalcium phosphate/10% hydroxyapatite) with different surface properties (micro-and macroporosities) as well as a bovine-derived natural bone mineral (NBM) as a control. At 12 weeks, implants were placed into the augmented defects. After further 8 weeks of healing, dissected blocks were processed for histological analysis (e.g., mineralized (MT), residual bone graft material (BS), bone-to-implant contact (BIC)). Results All four biomaterials showed well-integrated graft particles and new bone formation within the defect area. MT values were comparable in all groups. BS values were highest in the NBM group (21.25 ± 13.52%) and markedly reduced in the different BCP groups, reaching statistical significance at BCP1-treated sites (9.2 ± 3.28%). All test and control groups investigated revealed comparable and statistically not significant different BIC values, ranging from 73.38 ± 20.5% (BCP2) to 84.11 ± 7.84% (BCP1), respectively. Conclusion All bone graft materials facilitated new bone formation and osseointegration after 12 + 8 weeks of healing.

Assessment of biphasic calcium phosphate 70/30 alginate scaffold on the tibia in pigs

“…An ideal biomaterial must be biocompatible and have little effect on other parts of the body. In addition, biomaterials for bone implants should possess the following properties: Osteoinductivity to stimulate mesenchymal cell differentiation into bone-forming osteoblasts; osteoconductivity to serve as a matrix for vascular and cellular migration, and osteointegrative properties with osteoprogenitor cells to produce a new bone matrix [ 1 ]. To ensure safety, investigations into a new biomaterial must be repeated many times in vitro and in vivo .…”