Stages and directions of creation and manufacture of fire vehicles in modern Russia

Abstract

Рассмотрены этапы и направления создания и производства пожарных автомобилей (ПА) в современной России. Этот период отражен в виде четырех этапов. Значение 1-го 5-летнего этапа воспроизводства ПА после распада СССР (до 1997 г.) состоит в присоединении к двум старейшим предприятиям - изготовителям ограниченного ряда ПА еще шести предприятий с освоением новых типов и моделей основных и специальных ПА в количестве 55 ед. На 2-м этапе (до 2008 г.) создана нормативная база в виде норм пожарной безопасности (НПБ) по разработке, производству и испытанию различных классов ПА. Разработка Типажа ПА на 5-летний период стала базироваться на мониторинге потребности ПА территориальных управлений. В этот период сократились среднегодовые темпы роста освоения новых типов и моделей ПА, но улучшилось качество их изготовления, как с реализацией требований новой нормативной базы, так и за счет использования технологий и компонентов зарубежных производителей. С этого периода началось освоение производства ряда пожарных насосов и стволов нового поколения, которыми стали оснащать ПА. С введением в действие Федерального закона № 123-ФЗ начался 3-й этап создания и производства ПА. Разработана и внедрена нормативная база - национальные стандарты, определяющие классификацию, номенклатуру показателей и технические требования к ПА. Создан ряд типов и моделей ПА с инновационными составляющими. The article reflects the 4 time stages of creation and manufacture of fire vehicles (PA) in modern Russia after the collapse of the USSR. During the first stage until 1997 there were developed and mastered basic PA in the amount of 55 units meeting the needs of fire protection of the country at that time period. During the second stage until 2008 there was defined and created the regulatory framework in the form of fire safety standards (NPB) for the main range of fire vehicles for basic and special purposes. Data on the rate of manufacture of fire vehicles in comparison with the first period of manufacture are presented. There was mentioned the improvement of production quality with the use of new technologies and foreign experience in creating such models. When developing «PA Types» for a five-year period the monitoring of territorial departments of EMERCOM of Russia, which determines the need for a certain type and model of PA, has become important. The standard configuration of PA is defined by the order of EMERCOM of Russia. Since 2009 the third stage in PA creation has begun, taking into account the effect of Federal Law No. 123 dated June, 22 as well as the developed national standards for PA, which defined the classification, nomenclature and technical requirements for PA. The number of innovative models of these products were created during this period including: fire and rescue evacuation and tunnel vehicles, PA for operating conditions at temperatures up to below 60 °C, pump and hose systems, and others. The interstate standard GOST 34350-2017 (since 01.03.2019) is put in force during the fourth stage of the creation and production of PA in 2019.This standard defines the general requirements for basic PA and their test methods. The technical regulation TR EAEU 043/2017 (since 01.01.2020), reflecting the requirements for fire safety and fire extinguishing equipment, is put into effect at the same time. In 2019 with elaboration of draft of Concept for development of fire and rescue equipment until 2030 (2018), there is the beginning of new period that determined the most important directions for development of PA until 2030. The importance of cooperation between customers, manufacturers and scientific organizations in the field of creating effective fire equipment is noted.