Stages of Change in Physical Exercise: A Test of Stage Discrimination and Nonlinearity

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the utility of the protection motivation theory (PMT), social-cognitive theory (SCT) and transtheoretical model's (TTM) processes of change (POC) by (1) discriminating between TTM's stages with planned comparisons and (2) examining higher-ordered trends across stages. Methods: 1582 individuals were included in the analyses that tested severity, vulnerability, response-efficacy, self-efficacy, POC, pros and cons, social and environmental support. Results: The findings provide evidence for the utility of the PMT and TTM's POC for stage discrimination; stage discontinuity patterns are supported. Conclusions: Promotion of health behavior should target stage-specific variables, such as threat appraisals for early stage movements.

Reorganizational Healing: A Paradigm for the Advancement of Wellness, Behavior Change, Holistic Practice, and Healing

“…The seasons add timing to the self-assessment. This timing is distinct from other staged approaches to behavior change [35][36][37][38][39] or any RET approaches. The influence of the season affects the type of intelligence one uses, the way a person goes about daily activities, and the resources available to that person.…”

“…A broad range of methodologies and applications can utilize ROH. In this way, ROH may contribute to the literature on the set-point theory of well-being, 31 positive psychology, 32,33 the field of behavior change [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and the more-allopathic approaches to health and medicine, herein termed Restorative Therapeutics (RET).…”

Modeling Health Behavior Change: How to Predict and Modify the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors

“…West (2005) has summarised this critique and has concluded that the TTM needs to be abandoned. However, more recent empirical evidence has emerged in favor of the TTM, suggesting that the notion of stages of behavior change is meaningful and has pragmatic value (Lippke, Nigg, & Maddock, 2007; Lippke & Plotnikoff, 2006; Velicer et al, 2006; Velicer, Redding, Anatchkova, Fava, & Prochaska, in press; Velicer, Redding, Sun, & Prochaska, 2007; Velicer, Friedman, Fava, Gulliver, Keller, Sun, Ramelson, & Prochaska, in press).…”

Protection Motivation Theory and Physical Activity

“…Finally, in a study assessing the utility of the PMT, Social Cognitive Theory and stage classification (Lippke & Plotnikoff, 2006), severity, vulnerability, response efficacy and self-efficacy were significantly different between individuals who were not considering change versus those contemplating change. The researchers found that those individuals in precontemplation perceived significantly fewer pros and insignificantly more cons than did individuals in other stages, with the highest scores in precontemplators and lowest in maintenance.…”