Stages of recovery during post-traumatic amnesia and subsequent everyday memory deficits

Recovery of components of memory in post-traumatic amnesia

“…In a further study of 98 patients with TBI, Saneda and Corrigan [2] found that orientation to place and time reached criterion levels before effective recovery of people's names and new associative learning. Similarly, Geffen et al [3] demonstrated reorientation to person occurred prior to reorientation to place or time which was followed by new learning. New learning was measured by the participant being taught the name and face of a photographed person, a gesture and three pictured objects.…”

“…Some definitions also refer to disorientation [2]; however, lack of orientation to person can also be conceptualized as an additional disruption of access and retrieval of old autobiographical memories whereby the patient is unable to recall personal memories such as date of birth or age; and lack of orientation to place and time can be conceptualized as reflective of the generalized disruption of consolidating new memories and difficulties in updating memory about features of time such as the day or the location in which they are being assessed. The most accepted clinical measures of PTA are those that assess new learning and memory, as well as orientation on a daily basis and continued for several days after the patient has demonstrated capacity for new learning [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Intervenciones musicoterapéuticas para la activación del sistema reticular

“…Se denomina amnesia post-traumá tica a la fase que atraviesan los pacientes que emergen del coma y se caracteriza por una alteración cognitiva generalizada con un mayor nivel de respuesta, pero permanecen confundidos (Artio la et al, 1980;Forrester, Encel & Geffen, 1994;Gasquoine, 1991;Geffen, Encel & Forrester, 1991;Ponsford, Sloan & Snow, 1995). Se pueden distinguir las siguientes características en este tipo de pacien tes: limitada conciencia de las circunstancias, amnesia retrógrada y anterógrada, fatiga física como cognitiva y agitación.…”

Assessment of Memory in Neurogenic Communication Disorders

“…This test is useful in moderate to severe head injury, and correlates with several outcome variables including employability and the ability to live independently. [15][16][17] The test has less sensitivity in mild head injuries and is not well suited to differential diagnosis of memory disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) because these disorders are typically described according to theoretical memory models rather than their pragmatic outcomes.…”