Staggered circular cylinders immersed in a uniform planar shear flow

Two staggered circular cylinders of equal diameter in cross-flow

“…The experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 3 and is similar to that adopted by Akosile and Sumner (2003) and Sumner and Richards (2003). Under uniform flow conditions, the longitudinal freestream turbulence intensity was less than 0.6% and the velocity non-uniformity in the central portion of the test section, outside the test-section wall boundary layers, was 0.5%.…”

“…An incidence increment of 11, 51, or 101 was used, depending on the region of interest, which was a smaller increment than in previous studies; a similar approach was adopted by Akosile and Sumner (2003) and Sumner and Richards (2003). The cylinders were tested in the subcritical Reynolds number regime, from Re ¼ 3.2 Â 10 4 to 7.4 Â 10 4 .…”

“…Cylinder-like structures can be found both alone and in groups in the designs for heat exchangers, cooling systems for nuclear power plants, offshore structures, Akosile and Sumner (2003) 5.0 Â 10 4 P/D ¼ 1.125-1.25 17.6 3.5% 0.6% Wind tunnel C D , C L , St a ¼ 0-901 Force balance, CTA, pressure C PB Bokaian and Geoola (1984) 5900 L/D ¼ 1.5-4.0 18.1 10.7% 6.5% Water flume C D , C L T/D ¼ 0.0-6.0…”

“…a limited number of unique combinations of P/D and a (or L/D and T/D). The few studies that have examined the upstream cylinder (Wardlaw and Cooper, 1973;Gu and Sun, 1999;Akosile and Sumner, 2003) have shown that it too may experience large changes in C L and C D , particularly at small pitch ratios and incidence angles. An improved understanding is therefore needed of the forces experienced by the upstream cylinder.…”

Force coefficients and Strouhal numbers of three circular cylinders subjected to a cross-flow

“…There have been many experimental studies on the circular cylinders in different arrangements which are mostly based on two circular cylinders in tandem, side-by-side and staggered arrangements [1][2][3]11,13,32,34]. Despite the numerous works on two cylinders arrangements, only a few studies have been reported on multicylinder arrays such as three and four cylinders arrays.…”