Stand Establishment Response of Soft White Winter Wheat to Seedbed Residue and Seed Size

Abstract

The adoption of soil-conserving management systems in dryland soft white winter wheat (Triticurn aestivum L.) production areas is limited by concerns that seedbed residues contribute to suboptimal stand establishment. Field trials were seeded in 1990 (Trial 1) and 1991 (Trial 2) near Pendleton, OR, to ascertain seedbed crop residue, seed size, and cuitivar effects on emergence, early growth and development, and yield of soft white winter wheat. Seedbeds were much drier in Trial 2 than in Trial 1. Seed-soil contact was probably reduced in high residue cover, but emergence rate was reduced by seedbed residue in Trial 2 only when seed zone water content was <120 g kg-1. Consequently, plant growth and development were responsive to seedbed residues only in Trial 2. Final stand density and grain yield were not sensitive to seedbed residue level in either trial. Seed size had no effect on laboratory germination, but seedlings from large seed emerged more rapidly in the held. Plants grown from large seed were taller, heavier, and had more tillers than plants grown from small seed. Planting large seed had no effect on grain yield in Trial 1, but plants grown from large seed produced 4.2% greater grain yield than from small seed in Trial 2. Cultivar performance was determined by genetic potential, seed size, and seed quality, and was not differentially influenced by seedbed residue level. Emergence was influenced by coleoptile length which differed among cultivars, but coleoptile length was not related to seed size. Higher levels of seedbed surface residues required to reduce soil erosion in dryland crop production systems do not reduce stand estabfishment or yield of soft white winter wheat.

Association between Grain Size and Shape and Quality Traits, and Path Analysis of Thousand Grain Weight in Iranian Bread Wheat Landraces from Different Geographic Regions

“…However, some components such as TGW are characterized by a higher heritability than grain yield itself (Bezant et al, 1997;Huang et al, 2006;Tsilo et al, 2010;Deng et al, 2011). TGW is positively correlated with agronomic yield (Baril 1992;Fuller, 2007;Maccaferri et al, 2011) and flour yield (Chasten et al, 1995;Breseghello and Sorrells, 2006;Williams et al, 2013). Moreover, the high heritability values (59% to 96%) in most of the cultivars studied so far have proved that this character is phenotypically the most-stable yield component (Giura and Saulescu, 1996;Huang et al, 2006;Sun et al, 2009;Tsilo et al, 2010;Patil et al, 2013).…”

Bazı Ekmeklik Buğday Çesitlerinde Farklı Tohum İriliklerinin Tane Verimi, Verim Öğeleri ile Kalite Üzerine Etkisi

“…Tane iriliğinin çıkış oranına etkisi üzerine bazı araştırıcılar büyük tohumların daha hızlı çıkış yaptığını ve çıkış oranının küçük tohumlara göre daha yüksek olduğunu bildirirken (Reis and Everson, 1970;Bulisani and Warner 1980;Chastain and Wysocki 1995;Sönmez 2000), bazı araştırıcılar tane iriliğinin çıkış üzerine etkisinin az olduğunu (Mian and Nafzigier 1992); başka araştırıcılar ise, tane iriliğinin çıkış üzerine etkili olmadığını bildirmişlerdir (Douglas and Wilkins 1992). Çıkış oranı, fide boyu, toprak üstü ve kök kuru madde ağırlıkları değerleri büyük tohumlarda daha yüksek olurken, kardeşlenme ve toprak üstü/kök kuru madde ağırlığı oranı tane iriliğinden etkilenmemektedir (Kara ve Akman 2007) Farklı irilikteki tohumların tane verimleri farklılık gösterirken, kullanılan çeşidin genetik özelliği yanında tane iriliğinin de birim alan tane veriminde olumlu etkisi bulunmaktadır (Ünver 1995).…”

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

“…Maintaining crop residues on the soil surface protects the soil from wind and water erosion, provides a source of plant nutrients, improves organic matter levels in the soil, and increases soil water content by reducing evaporation and increasing infiltration rate (Blevins et al 1983;Chastain et al 1995). Despite these numerous benefits, the management of crop residues has become a major problem to NT corn producers.…”