Stand Establishment Responses of Maize to Seedbed Residue, Seed Drill Coulters and Primary Tillage Systems

Raoufat, M. H.; Mahmoodieh, R.A.

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.11.012

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results imply that the best horizontal seed uniformity was accomplished in CT (92.78%). of second crop maize" Precision in spacing is a measure of variability in seed spacings and the practical upper limit for the precision in spacing is 29%, according to Raoufat and Mahmoodieh (2005). Precision in spacing values ranged from 19.61% to 23.40% in this study, suggesting that the seed placement precision was sufficient and favorable as compared to the theoretical spacing in all cases.…”

Section: Conventional Tillage Blocks Had Lower Pr Data Inmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Effects of Direct and Conventional Planting on Soil Properties and Yield Characteristics of Second Crop Maize

;ARSLAN¹

2009

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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Conventional tillage (CT), a commercial direct planter (DP1), and a modified direct planter (DP2) were used in this study to determine the performance of DP2 compared to CT and DP1 in second crop maize after winter wheat. Experiments were conducted with six replications through complete randomized block design. Average seed spacing was about 18 cm and the quality of feed index was about 90% in all methods. Multiple index was the smallest (0.56%) in CT, suggesting best horizontal seed distribution whereas DP1 had the highest rate (3.89%). Variation about the mean seed spacing was less than the upper limit of 29% in precision in spacing in all cases. The adjusted seeding depth was 6.0 cm in CT (5.99 cm) with the best placement and the poorest placement was found in DP2 (2.90 cm). Seed depth distribution was different in the three cases (P<0.01). Planting method did not have a significant effect on emergence rate and yield. Although the performance of the modified direct planter is very encouraging, the modified direct planter should probably be improved further so that higher down forces can be applied to maintain the set value of seeding depth for seeding in hard soil conditions. Key Words: Tillage, direct planting, seed distribution, seeding indices, emergence rate, maize yield. Doğrudan ve Geleneksel Ekimin Toprak Özelliklerine ve İkinci Ürün Mısır Verim Karakteristiklerine EtkisiÖz: Bu çalışmada; birinci ürün kışlık buğday sonrası ikinci ürün mısır üretiminde filizlenme oranı, ürün verimi, toprak özellikleri ve çizi karakteristikleri dikkate alınarak, modifiye edilmiş doğrudan ekim makinesinin performansının (DP2), geleneksel (CT) ve doğrudan ekim (DP1) yöntemlerine göre karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Tarla denemeleri tesadüf parselleri deneme planına göre altı tekrarlı olarak yapılmıştır. Sıra üzeri mesafe 18 cm ye ayarlanmış ve kabul edilebilir aralık oranı tüm yöntemlerde yaklaşık %90 olarak bulunmuştur. İkizlenme oranı değeri en düşük CT (%0.56) yönteminde, en yüksek ise DP1 (%3.89) yönteminde elde edilmiştir. Tohumun sıra üzeri dağılım varyasyon katsayısı bütün uygulamalarda üst sınır kabul edilen %29'dan daha düşük hesaplanmıştır. Ekim derinliği 6 cm ye ayarlanmış ve en iyi ekim derinliği CT uygulamasında (5.99 cm) ve en kötü ekim derinliği ise DP2 (2.90 cm) uygulamasında elde edilmiş ve ekim derinliği her üç yöntemde istatistiksel olarak farklılık göstermiştir. Toprak işleme yöntemleri filizlenme oranını ve ortalama verimi istatistiksel olarak etkilememiştir. Modifiye edilmiş doğrudan ekim makinesinin performans parametreleri oldukça iyi görünmesine rağmen, sert toprak koşullarında daha iyi ekim derinliği elde edebilmek için makinenin daha fazla baskı kuvveti uygulayabilecek hale getirilmesi gerekli görünmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Toprak işleme, doğrudan ekim, tohum dağılımı, ekim indisleri, filizlenme oranı, mısır verimi.

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Section: Conventional Tillage Blocks Had Lower Pr Data Inmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Rolling coulters cut the soil and trash, increasing accuracy in seed placement. According to Raoufat and Mahmoodieh (2005), planters equipped with rolling coulter attachments improve seeding indices in direct planting systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Direct and Conventional Planting on Soil Properties and Yield Characteristics of Second Crop Maize

;ARSLAN¹

2009

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi

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“…Straw residue with adequate amount of organic material has important function in terms of improvement in soil structure and stability (Morris et al, 2010). According to Erbach (1981) and Raoufat & Mahmoodieh (2005), to overcome the seed placement problems and improving seed indices in agricultural conservation systems row-crop planters should be equipped with rolling cultures. Sanavi & Raoufat (2006) found desirable values of emergence rate and seed spacing by equipping a conventional row-crop planter with a winged chisel furrow opener preceded by a row cleaner attachment arrangement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative performance of six planter attachments in two residue management corn production systems

Dadi

Raoufat

2012

Span. j. agric. res.

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Field performance of six combinations of planter attachments on a conventional row-crop planter in two residue management corn production systems was evaluated. The management systems consisted of baled-out residue plots worked by a single pass of disc harrow (RMS1) or untouched residue plots worked by a single pass of chisel plow followed by a disc harrow (RMS2); both systems were planted by a row crop planter with one out of six attachments. Results revealed that both systems fell within residue cover limits defined for conservation farming. The winged chisel furrow opener preceded by a row cleaner equipped with treader wheels (WCRT) arrangement removed appreciable amounts of residues on the row for both systems, but more residues were removed for RMS2 plots. The WCRT pushed almost double amount of residue aside. In spite of higher initial residue in RMS2, chisel plowing and subsequent disc harrowing reduced more residues paving the way for planting in a more seeding depth. Higher percentage of emergence rate index was noticed for RMS2 plots. For both systems, the WCRT and chisel furrow opener preceded by a row cleaner (CR) showed the maximum and minimum quality of feed index, respectively. However this index was higher for RMS2 plots. The WCRT and CR arrangements had the minimum and the maximum multiple index values, respectively. However this index decreased significantly in RMS2 plots compared to RMS1 plots. The RMS2 treatments showed lower values of precision index, which is favorable. The results suggest that adoption of WCRT to planters in soil prepared under RMS2 is useful for a satisfactory conservation crop production system. Additional key words: conservation agriculture; furrow opener; row cleaner; row-cop planter; treader wheels. ResumenComparación del comportamiento de seis acoplamientos a una sembradora en dos sistemas de manejo de residuos en la producción de maíz Se evaluó el comportamiento en campo de seis acoplamientos de elementos de siembra montados sobre una sembradora convencional en surcos con dos sistemas de manejo de residuos (RMS1 y RMS2) para un cultivo de maíz: RMS1 se aplicó a parcelas cuyos residuos fueron empacados mediante un único pase de grada de discos; RMS2 consistió en un pase de arado cincel sobre los residuos sin tratar, seguido de un pase de grada de discos; en ambos sistemas la sembradora llevaba uno de seis diferentes acoplamientos. El abresurcos de reja escarificadora equipada con aletas laterales precedido por un separador de residuos y ruedas acondicionadoras (WCRT) desplazó cantidades apreciables de residuos en los surcos de ambos sistemas, pero en mayor cantidad en las parcelas RMS2. El WCRT desplazó lateralmente casi el doble de la cantidad de residuos. A pesar de haber inicialmente más residuos en RMS2, el arado de cincel y el posterior pase de grada de discos redujeron la cantidad de residuos, preparando el terreno para sembrar a una mayor profundidad. En las parcelas RMS2 hubo un índice de emergencia superior. Para ambos sistemas, el WCRT y el abresurc...

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“…For types of soil tillage and cover crop variation, RAOUFAT & MAHMOODIEH (2005) identified variation in deposition depth of seeds and maize plant population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of corn according to the sowing depth of the seed and loads on press wheels

Neto

Lopes

2012

Eng. Agríc.

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ABSTRACT:The seeding process was the operation that suffered the most changes in no-tillage system due the cover crop soil and new particle soil arrangement. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of loads applied to the wheels and adjustments of sowing depth on seedling emergence of corn in no-tillage system. The experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement 5x4, with five loads applied to the wheels and four theoretical sowing depth adjustments. The real sowing depth increased in the lower theoretical depth and decreased in the higher theoretical depth, due to the compaction loads. Regarding the time of emergence, loads applied had not influence at the greater depths. Emergence time decreased with the load increase in the lower depths. Thus, the adjustment of the compactor wheels can influence in the corn seeding process.KEYWORDS: seeding process, no-tillage, farm mechanization. EMERGÊNCIA DO MILHO CONFORME PROFUNDIDADE DE DEPOSIÇÃO DE SEMENTES E CARGA APLICADA NAS RODAS COMPACTADORASRESUMO: Devido à presença da cobertura vegetal e ao novo arranjo das partículas do solo no sistema de plantio direto (SPD), o processo de semeadura foi a operação que sofreu as maiores transformações. Sendo assim, objetivou-se verificar o efeito de cargas aplicadas nas rodas compactadoras e de regulagens da profundidade na semeadura de milho em SPD. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente aleatorizado, com arranjo fatorial 5x4, com cinco cargas aplicadas nas rodas compactadoras e quatro regulagens de profundidades teóricas de deposição de sementes. A profundidade real de deposição de sementes aumentou na menor profundidade teórica e diminuiu na maior profundidade teórica, conforme aumento das cargas de compactação. Quanto ao tempo de emergência, nas maiores profundidades teóricas, não houve influência da carga aplicada. Para as menores profundidades, o tempo de emergência diminui com o aumento da carga. Assim, a regulagem das rodas compactadoras pode influenciar no processo de semeadura do milho.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: processo de semeadura, plantio direto, mecanização agrícola.

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Stand Establishment Responses of Maize to Seedbed Residue, Seed Drill Coulters and Primary Tillage Systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Direct and Conventional Planting on Soil Properties and Yield Characteristics of Second Crop Maize

Effects of Direct and Conventional Planting on Soil Properties and Yield Characteristics of Second Crop Maize

Comparative performance of six planter attachments in two residue management corn production systems

Emergence of corn according to the sowing depth of the seed and loads on press wheels

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