Standard Growth Patterns and Variations in Growth Patterns of the Japanese Monkeys (<i>Macaca fuscata</i>) Based on an Analysis by the Spline Function Method

The Influence of Rearing Conditions on the Physical Growth of Captive Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata).

“…The timing of major physiological growth events, such as weaning and sexual maturation, were the same for the two groups, and similar to those reported previously in Japanese macaques [8,[10][11][12]. Trends of growth in the Enclosure group macaques were similar to those of free-ranging Japanese macaques [3,4]. Growth in many body parts, however, was different between Enclosure and Caged group macaques.…”

“…Although investigators have attempted to elucidate the morphological characteristics of Japanese macaques, their main focus has not been the morphological differences caused by various environmental factors, and discussion has been limited to the influences of nutrition, climate and genetic background [1][2][3][4][5][6]16]. In many laboratories, non-human primates, including Japanese macaques, are reared in cages.…”

The Pneumatization of the Facial Skeleton in the Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata). A Study Based on Computerized Three-Dimensional Reconstructions.

“…Moreover, Hamada (1994) has demonstrated, that different groups of Macaca fuscata may grow according to a different growth pattern. Lund (1988) argues that in those monkeys with a maxillary sinus, the sinus size increases with the size of the skull.…”

Physique Index for Japanese Macaques(Macaca fuscata): Age Change and Regional Variation.

“…We must take other dimensions into consideration to obtain an index of physique. It is especially true for subjects like Japanese monkeys with a wide variation with age, sex, and locality (Iwamoto, 197 1 ;Hamada et al, 1994;Hamada et al, 1996a).…”

“…They also show a remarkable change in physique with age (Hamada, 1994). The quantitative analyses of the physique variation is necessary to be made.…”